Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services: How Consumer Access Is Restricted by State Policies

State Medicaid programs have expanded home and community-based services (HCBS). This article compares trends and variations in state policies for Medicaid HCBS programs in 2005 and 2010. State limitations on financial eligibility criteria and service benefits have remained stable. Although the use of consumer direction, independent providers, and family care providers has increased, some states do not have these options. The increased adoption of state cost control policies have led to large increases in persons on waiver wait lists. Access could be improved by standardizing and liberalizing state HCBS policies, but state fiscal concerns are barriers to rebalancing between HCBS and institutional services.     

红桥修禊与清代士人之心态流变

修禊作为一种古老的祭祀风俗,在历史的流变中逐渐转化为一种文人雅集的重要形式。从闻名古今的兰亭修禊开始,修禊不断地被后世文人所模仿,留下了众多的千古佳话。文章以清朝王士禛、孔尚任、卢见曾所举行的几次著名的红桥修禊为例,通过这几次文人禊集中流传下来的诗文词赋,揭示出清代文人的精神风貌和生活情趣,及在不同时期士人心态的流变。     

农民专业合作社关系变异及性质解析

我国农村普遍存在因异质成员侵入的变异农民专业合作社。经典农民专业合作社属农业产业横向一体化组织,变异农民专业合作社属农业产业纵向一体化组织,它们在组织属性、功能性质、控制结构、分配机制、利益关系等方面有着本质区别。变异农民专业合作社无法替代经典农民专业合作社的功能和作用。尽管变异农民专业合作社对我国农业产业化起到了重要作用,但是基于我国农村人多地少的特殊国情,要实现农民、农业、农村均衡发展,需要加强经典农民专业合作社的建设,通过家庭农户的合作互助促进家庭农场发展,实现我国农业适度规模、专业化生产和集约化经营,最终实现农村自我工业化和城镇化发展。     

An online copy number variant detection method for short sequencing reads

The availability of the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology in today's biomedical research has provided new opportunities in scientific discovery of genetic information. The high-throughput NGS technology, especially DNA-seq, is particularly useful in profiling a genome for the analysis of DNA copy number variants (CNVs). The read count (RC) data resulting from NGS technology are massive and information rich. How to exploit the RC data for accurate CNV detection has become a computational and statistical challenge. We provide a statistical online change point method to help detect CNVs in the sequencing RC data in this paper. This method uses the idea of online searching for change point (or breakpoint) with a Markov chain assumption on the breakpoints loci and an iterative computing process via a Bayesian framework. We illustrate that an online change-point detection method is particularly suitable for identifying CNVs in the RC data. The algorithm is applied to the publicly available NCI-H2347 lung cancer cell line sequencing reads data for locating the breakpoints. Extensive simulation studies have been carried out and results show the good behavior of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm is implemented in R and the codes are available upon request.     

Social integration and dialect divergence in coastal Palestine

The history of Palestine has caused communities to be displaced and relocated, entailing that speech communities have been dismantled and created anew. The coastal cities of Jaffa and Gaza exemplify this reality. This study analyzes speakers from Jaffa, some of whom remained there and others residing in Gaza as refugees. Through an examination of three variables, (?), (AH), and (Q), we shed light on the effects of dialect contact while highlighting the link between dialect contact and identity formation and maintenance. All three variables are found to be in varied states of change as a result of contact with other varieties of Arabic, as well as with Modern Hebrew. We conclude that (Q), through its high social salience, works to create and maintain a sense of community identity for Jaffan refugees in Gaza at a time when the speech of the larger Jaffa community is undergoing substantial linguistic change.     

古希腊法律思想的形成与演进

古希腊法律思想是西方法治精神的源头,西方法治理论一系列基本范畴的原义都发源于此,在经历了三个阶段数百年的演进后,自由、自然正义、民主与法治成为“轴心时代”的精神实质。但由于自然的、历史的和阶级的局限性,希腊人的思想有着不可避免的缺陷,其法治思想也不够彻底。     

激进改革与渐进改革的差异之透析

由传统的计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨 ,有两条改革路径可供选择 :一是激进改革 ,二是渐进改革。对于不同改革路径之间的差异 ,人们往往只是从改革速度快慢的角度去理解。事实上 ,激进改革与渐进改革的差别不仅是广泛的 ,而且是深刻的 ,从改革的方式、方法 ,到改革的性质、目标 ,都各不相同。全方位地透视和对比激进改革与渐进改革 ,二者的差别主要体现在改革的具体内容和步骤问题、改革的“速率”问题、改革的局部和整体问题、改革中的“破”与“立”问题、改革的过渡性制度安排问题、改革中的双轨制问题、改革中的试验与设计问题、改革中的收益分配问题、改革的性质和目标问题等九个方面。     

文学意义在理解中发生变异的本体言说

理解的本体论性质意味着阐释主体的自我理解。文学意义是在自我理解的本体性言说的召唤中展 开,也是由审美主体自我个性的差异和自我认识方式的不同而在意义阐释中呈现某种变异。文学意义在理解主体 的自我确证中生成,由此使创作文本在不断对象化的意义建构过程中获得恒久的品质。     

区域自主创新实力动态评价——基于改进二次加权法

建立区域自主创新实力评价指标体系,运用改进归一化法和变异系数法对数据进行标准化处理,确定权重,利用改进二次加权法计算2001—2010年中国大陆31个省、市、自治区的区域自主创新实力加权平均值,进行动态评价与分类比较分析。研究表明:2001—2010年期间中国区域自主创新实力从评价值排序看,地域差异明显,东部地区较强,中部地区居中,西部地区较弱。主要原因是东部地区的资金、政策、人才和创新载体的优势,中部、东北地区产业结构和企业创新理念的制约以及西部经济、教育和科研水平相对较低。研究认为:自主创新实力较弱的区域可以通过增加R&D投入、引进创新型人才、优化产业结构、完善创新扶持政策、增强产学研协同创新等手段,提高区域自主创新实力。     

论清中后期话本小说文体之变异

清中后期话本小说文体全面突破了传统文体规范,出现了篇章体制与叙事模式笔记小说化等文体变异现象。这种文体变异与话本小说文体观念的极端片面文人化发展直接相关,实质上是以笔记体的文体宗旨、叙事精神改造话本小说原有文体传统的结果。话本小说文体变异是创作走向衰亡的产物,而文体变异又反过来加速了创作的衰亡。