An efficient analysis of covariance model for crossover thorough QT studies with period‐specific pre‐dose baselines

Baseline adjustment is an important consideration in thorough QT studies for non‐antiarrhythmic drugs. For crossover studies with period‐specific pre‐dose baselines, we propose a by‐time‐point analysis of covariance model with change from pre‐dose baseline as response, treatment as a fixed effect, pre‐dose baseline for current treatment and pre‐dose baseline averaged across treatments as covariates, and subject as a random effect. Additional factors such as period and sex should be included in the model as appropriate. Multiple pre‐dose measurements can be averaged to obtain a pre‐dose‐averaged baseline and used in the model. We provide conditions under which the proposed model is more efficient than other models. We demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed model both analytically and through simulation studies. The advantage of the proposed model is also illustrated using the data from a real clinical trial. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inference on the ratio of two coefficients of variation of two lognormal distributions

The coefficient of variation (CV) can be used as an index of reliability of measurement. The lognormal distribution has been applied to fit data in many fields. We developed approximate interval estimation of the ratio of two coefficients of variation (CsV) for lognormal distributions by using the Wald-type, Fieller-type, log methods, and method of variance estimates recovery (MOVER). The simulation studies show that empirical coverage rates of the methods are satisfactorily close to a nominal coverage rate for medium sample sizes.     

Moderate deviations for sums of dependent claims in a size-dependent renewal risk model

In this article, we consider a non standard renewal risk model, in which pairs of claim sizes and its corresponding inter-arrival times are identically distributed, and each pair obeys a dependence structure. By assuming that the claim sizes form a sequence of extended negatively dependent random variables with consistently varying tails, moderate deviations for the aggregate amount of dependent claims are obtained.     

On the Estimation of Integrated Volatility With Jumps and Microstructure Noise

In this article, we propose a nonparametric procedure to estimate the integrated volatility of an Itô semimartingale in the presence of jumps and microstructure noise. The estimator is based on a combination of the preaveraging method and threshold technique, which serves to remove microstructure noise and jumps, respectively. The estimator is shown to work for both finite and infinite activity jumps. Furthermore, asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator, such as consistency and a central limit theorem, are established. Simulations results are given to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in comparison with other alternative methods.     

入世以来我国农民收入变动趋势分析及收入预测

依据2001-2009年统计资料,应用洛伦兹曲线和五等分法分析评价入世以来我国农民收入变动趋势为：入世以来各省份间农民人均纯收入差距在不断缩小,而城乡收入在不断扩大;农民收入结构的变化特征为：家庭经营性收入占总收入比重出现下滑势头,工资性收入所占比重不断上涨。揭示了入世以来农业政策对提高农民收入和缩小省际间农民收入差距的积极影响;对未来我国农民收入做出预测,分析了省际间农民收入缩小的原因,同时提出了增加农民收入的对策建议。     

变译理论视角下的手机新闻英译策略

随着手机媒体的兴起,双语新闻在信息交流中的地位和作用日趋重要。手机新闻文本所具有的真实性、精细性和简洁性等特点决定了其翻译方法应区别于一般的文本翻译。变译理论为手机新闻的英译提供了全新的理论基础,其变译策略包括摘译、编译、改译和参译等。变译的目的是使译文更好地满足读者的需要,真正实现新闻的有效传播。     

Properties of the sociolinguistic monitor1

This paper investigates the perceptual aspect of quantitative sociolinguistic variation in order to derive properties of a sociolinguistic monitor integrated into linguistic processing in real time. A series of experiments measured listeners’ sensitivity to frequencies in the form of variable percentages of the non‐standard apical form of the variable (ING). Subjects heard ten trial readings of broadcast news from the same speaker, and rated them on a seven‐point Likert scale of professional suitability. Responses conformed closely to a logarithmic function in which the effect of each deviation from the norm was proportional to the percent increase in deviations. The logarithmic pattern of responses was replicated in group and individual experiments in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in group experiments in Columbia, South Carolina and Durham, New Hampshire. South Carolina subjects were less critical of the /in/ variant in news broadcasting but showed the identical logarithmic function in reacting to Northern and Southern speakers. Inferences are drawn on the window of temporal resolution of the sociolinguistic monitor, its sensitivity and the pattern of attenuation over time.     

我国经济体制转型:基于国内外研究视角

新中国成立以来,我国经济体制经历了两次大的转型。总结国内外学术界对我国经济改革和体制转型的研究,具有重要的理论和现实意义。国外学者从西方的视角分析了我国经济改革取得成功的原因并对我国经济发展前景作了展望和预测,国内学者则对诸如计划经济体制何以建立及其利弊得失、社会主义市场经济理论的形成以及我国渐进式改革道路的合理性和缺陷等问题进行了探讨。但这些研究也存在一些问题和不足,如缺乏对我国计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转型的直接对比研究、没有把我国经济体制转型放在东西方经济制度变迁和政策调整的背景下进行考察、缺乏对我国经济体制转型的综合性研究等。     

New insights into the Far Eastern pattern of mortality

This paper investigates the consequences of using different economic status proxies on the estimated impact of economic status and other determinants of fertility. Using micro survey data from Ghana and Peru, we find that the proxies for income that best predict fertility are a principal components score of the ownership of consumer durable goods and a simple sum of ownership of these durable goods. Furthermore, the choice of the proxy generally has a minor influence on the predicted effects of the control variables. We compare the results from using a restricted set of proxies, such as those available in the Demographic and Health Surveys, with the results obtained using a lengthier set of proxies. Our results suggest implications beyond fertility analyses by providing researchers with an awareness of the sensitivity of microanalyses to the treatment of economic status. Our results also suggest practical recommendations for the collection of survey data.     

浙江省高校生源体质状况动态变化实证研究

依据2007级～2011级浙江省部分高校新生《国家学生体质健康标准》的测试数据,对他们的身体形态、身体机能和身体素质进行连续五年的动态变化实证研究。结果表明,2011级高校新生体质总体状况好于往年,但部分指标波动较大。通过掌握近五年高校生源体质健康动态状况,对加强青少年基础教育至高等教育阶段的体育教育衔接,深入开展体育教学改革,更有效地实现增强学生体质健康的根本目标有重要意义,为各级各类学校和教育部门掌握浙江省高校生源的体质状态提供参考。