Reproduction and egg diapause of the oriental chinch bug,Cavelerius saccharivorus okajima (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), in the subtropical winter season in relation to its wing polymorphism

Summary Reproduction and egg diapause of the oriental chinch bug,Cavelerius saccharivorus, in the subtropical winter season were investigated in relation to its wing polymorphism. Macropterous females collected from the southern part of Okinawa Is. in the autumn season delayed their oviposition and were less fecund early in the adult life period, but survived much longer than brachypterous females collected from the same locality. The total fecundity was not significantly different between wing morphs. The diapause of eggs laid by brachypters tended to be terminated more easily at a high temperature than that of eggs laid by macropters. This indicated that the eggs laid by macropters were more intense in their diapause than those laid by brachypters. However, irrespective of the parental wing form, diapause showed considerable variation in its intensity within and between clutches.     

机器人装配作业的Hopfield神经网络的稳定性研究

本文运用Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ第二方法及神经网络的稳定性判据，对用于机器人装配作业的Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ网络的稳定性进行了分析研究，并经实验验证，得到了较为满意的结果。     

一条磨光的拟合曲线

本文是通过对类似直角梯形的曲线进行磨光,而构造的一条光滑拟合曲线。     

新诗短语变异修辞举隅

新诗短语变异修辞有"强连性",突出表现为跨义类组合、句法联系缺失、语义表层对立等几个主要特点,各种修辞手段的具体运用、修辞意图和修辞效果等也呈现出不同于日常语言、古诗语言的特色.新诗短语变异的种种事实表明,新诗短语变异立足句法,着眼语义,运用灵活多样且与修辞有着密切关联.     

现代汉语语体变异问题

语体是值得重视的言语现象,语体是稳固性和变异性的统一。语体变异是交际者为适应特别语用需要而采取的表达技巧,现代汉语语体变异区别为局部语体成分变异和全局语体移位两种。语体变异的重要依据是话语角色的定位,话语角色决定语体格式及其变异。另外,语体的形成还受到历史与现实的政治、经济、文化等因素的制约。     

传统的变异性、持续性与现代化

传统与现代化常被视为一对矛盾体,是不可调和的。二者之间有对立的一面,但传统对现代化也有积极作用。本文从传统的变异性、持续性入手,论述了传统对现代化的促进作用,点明了儒家文化的现代意义,说明传统与现代化是辩证统一的。     

Spatio-temporal variation of natural and sexual selection in breeding populations of the coreid bug,Colpula lativentris (Heteroptera: Coreidae)

Spatio-temporal variations of lifetime reproductive succes (LRS) of both male and female individuals of a coreid bugColpula lativentris were measured and analyzed using the multiple regression method of Arnold and Wade (1984a, b). The standardized variance of LRS was larger in males than that in females as males often to secure mates for a long period whereas females could easily find mates and oviposit simply dependent on ovarial maturation. LRS was partitioned into 4 consecutive fitness components: (1) reproductive lifespan, (2) copulating efficiency, (3) guarding efficiency (for males) or oviposition efficiency (for females), and (4) number of eggs per clutch. In males copulating efficiency was the largest determining factor of LRS, whereas in females reproductive lifespan was the most important factor. Such tendencies were stable on both a yearly and local basis. Patterns of relative contribution of natural selection (reproductive lifespan and number of eggs per clutch) and sexual selection (copulating efficiency and guarding or oviposition efficiency) to LRS were clearly different between males and females. This sexual difference is, at least to some extent, thought to be brought about by sexual selection among males for mating opportunity, though no physical fight was observed among males. Directional selection on body length was found only in relation to the clutch size of females because large females tended to lay larger clutches. No significant directional selection was found in other fitness components.     

Spatial–temporal variation of casuarina spread in Cauvery delta and north eastern zone of Tamil Nadu,India: a spatial autoregressive model

The low forest cover and productivity are the major obstacles for mitigating the demand supply gap of raw material for forest-based industries, which could be fulfilled from a tree outside forest area. Casuarina is a multi-utile, short rotation tree which adapts to all ecosystems. The casuarina wood is predominantly demanded for fuel, construction and paper industries which is mostly preferred by farmers, traders and industries. This study explores the spatial and temporal variability of casuarina spread in mitigating the gap of demand and supply in Tamil Nadu using a spatial autoregressive model. The spread of casuarina was spatially and temporally significant, which was negatively influenced by the gross area irrigated as main and direct effects and positively in an indirect effect. An assured irrigation forces the farmers to choose traditional agricultural crops for their livelihood in their own district. The increase in the price of casuarina would increase the spread of casuarina in both own district and neighbouring districts. The spread of casuarina would augment the supply of raw material for forest-based industries.     

Univariate fast initial response statistical process control with taut strings

We present a novel real-time univariate monitoring scheme for detecting a sustained departure of a process mean from some given standard assuming a constant variance. Our proposed stopping rule is based on the total variation of a nonparametric taut string estimator of the process mean and is designed to provide a desired average run length for an in-control situation. Compared to the more prominent CUSUM fast initial response (FIR) methodology and allowing for a restart following a false alarm, the proposed two-sided taut string (TS) scheme produces a significant reduction in average run length for a wide range of changes in the mean that occur at or immediately after process monitoring begins. A decision rule for when to choose our proposed TS chart compared to the CUSUM FIR chart that takes into account both false alarm rate and average run length to detect a shift in the mean is proposed and implemented. Supplementary materials are available online.