Fisher's Hypergeometric Test for a Comparison in a Finite Population

Graphical methods have played a central role in the development of statistical theory and practice. This presentation briefly reviews some of the highlights in the historical development of statistical graphics and gives a simple taxonomy that can be used to characterize the current use of graphical methods. This taxonomy is used to describe the evolution of the use of graphics in some major statistical and related scientific journals.

Some recent advances in the use of graphical methods for statistical analysis are reviewed, and several graphical methods for the statistical presentation of data are illustrated, including the use of multicolor maps.     

Statistical Computing Software Reviews

This department includes the two sections New Developments in Statistical Computing and Statistical Computing Software Reviews; suitable contents for each of these sections is described under the respective section heading. Articles submitted for the department, outside the two sections, should not be highly technical and should be relevant to the teaching or practice of statistical computing.

This section is similar in organization to a Book Review section in other journals; however, software of interest to statisticians is the subject of review here. Emphasis is on software for microcomputers. Programs that operate only in larger mainframe computers will seldom receive review. Normally, producers of programs make a copy of their product available to the Section Editor, who then selects one or more persons to test the product and prepare a review.

Producers of computer software who wish to have their product reviewed are invited to contact the Section Editor, Professor Kenneth Berk, Department of Mathematics, 313 Stevenson Hall, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61761.

Findings and opinions expressed in every review are solely those of the author. They should not be construed as reflecting endorsement of the product, or opinions held, by the American Statistical Association, nor is any warranty implied about any product reviewed.

SYSTAT Leland Wilkinson. Available from Systat, Inc., 603 Main St., Evanston, IL 60202. $495 (multiple copy and site fees available). Reviewed by Mark I. Scherwish

AIDA, Version 9/82 David A. Lingwood, Available from Action-Research Northwest, 11442 Marine View Drive, S.W., Seattle, WA 98146. $235. Reviewed by Walter Liggett

MSUSTAT, MS/PC-DOS and CP/M-80 Version 2.20 Richard E. Lund. Available from Research and Development, Inc., Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717–0002. $187.50 (university and multiple-copy discounts available). Reviewed by Mervyn G. Marasinghe     

Graphical Methods for Data Presentation: Full Scale Breaks,Dot Charts,and Multibased Logging

Experimentation with graphical methods for data presentation is important for improving graphical communication in science. Several methods—full scale breaks, dot charts, and multibased logging—are discussed. Full scale breaks are suggested as replacements for partial scale breaks, since partial breaks can fail to provide a forceful visual indication of a change in the scale. Dot charts show data that have labels and are replacements for bar charts; the new charts can be used in a wider variety of circumstances and allow more effective visual decoding of the quantitative information. Logarithms are powerful tools for data presentation; base 2 or base e is often more effective than the commonly used base 10.     

The zero-inflated Poisson model and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index in dental epidemiology

For frequency counts, the situation of extra zeros often arises in biomedical applications. This is demonstrated with count data from a dental epidemiological study in Belo Horizonte (the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study) which evaluated various programmes for reducing caries. Extra zeros, however, violate the variance–mean relationship of the Poisson error structure. This extra-Poisson variation can easily be explained by a special mixture model, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. On the basis of the ZIP model, a graphical device is presented which not only summarizes the mixing distribution but also provides visual information about the overall mean. This device can be exploited to evaluate and compare various groups. Ways are discussed to include covariates and to develop an extension of the conventional Poisson regression. Finally, a method to evaluate intervention effects on the basis of the ZIP regression model is described and applied to the data of the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study.     

蒙古族图形文化研究——浅谈蒙古族传统图形文化特征

辽阔无边的北方草原生活造就了我国蒙古族粗犷、豪放的性格,形成了具有神秘色彩的蒙古族草原文化,同时也形成了蒙古族特有的民族图形文化特征。独特的生存方式、神秘的图腾崇拜、图形的审美习俗都与蒙古族的发展历程有着解不开的渊源。     

英语论文自动评分系统探索

英语论文自动评分系统是由美国教育测试服务中心利用自然语言处理技术与信息撷取技术研究开发的一种英文在线测评英语写作能力的计算机程序.本文首先介绍了自动评分系统的结构及工作原理,然后探讨了其优点和存在的问题以及在大学英语四、六级考试作文网上阅卷的可行性.     

某型飞机发动机油封装置的研制

飞机发动机油封是发动机在贮藏和运输时防止其零件发生锈蚀的主要装置.本文介绍某型飞机发动机油封装置的研制,使用结果表明:该油封装置操作简便,全封闭无污染,各项指标均达到航空发动机地面维护规程规范,保证了发动机在封存期间的完好性,具有明显的社会经济效益.     

汉字图形在平面设计中的运用

作为一种传承社会文明的载体,文字有着博大精深的文化内涵,是人与人相互沟通的桥梁。中国的汉字在几千年的锤炼下,形成了独特的视觉魅力。在图形化时代的背景下,汉字的图形化设计有着重要的作用。从平面设计的角度来看,汉字图形可以运用到标志设计、招贴设计、装帧设计、包装设计等多个方面。     

河姆渡与其他地区“彩绘陶”艺术图案（图形）、色彩的比较研究

根据浙江余姚河姆渡发现的、距今7000年的早期＂彩绘陶＂残片,以及全国各个地区的＂彩绘陶＂发展情况,对河姆渡＂彩绘陶＂艺术的图案（图形）、色彩与我国其他地区的＂彩绘陶＂艺术进行了对比论述。以＂彩绘陶＂艺术为载体,对浙江＂彩绘陶＂区域性文化与我国＂大文化、大艺术＂的关系进行了尝试性探讨,并对我国传统图案（图形）色彩的＂五色审美观＂及其文化内涵的延伸等问题做了初步研究。     

网络信息的分类

网络信息浩如烟海,分类五花八门,依据传统文献信息分类法的科学性和系统性对其进行分类非常重要。本文就网络信息分类特点及其信息分类中存在的问题进行探讨,对建设统一的网络信息分类体系提出了自己的看法。