移民垦荒中的农民心态问题及其应对——以1956年的河北省邢台县为中心

1956年河北省邢台县向内蒙古自治区移民垦荒的历史表明：本来利国利民的移民垦荒活动，并没有立刻燃起邢台县西部山区农民的热情之火。无论是移民政策的贯彻者——基层干部，还是移民对象——普通农民，他们往往顾虑重重。消极回应。对此，邢台县委从改造农民的传统乡土观念入手，通过召开会议、大力宣传、具体算账等方法力图使广大基层干部和普通民众摆脱“本位保守”思想和“穷家难舍，故土难离”乡土观念的束缚，积极投身到移民垦荒活动中来。但是囿于当时历史条件的限制，中共在对农民心态问题的处理上也出现了一些偏差。中共在此次移民垦荒活动中对农民心态问题的认识和处理上所留下的经验教训，对当前的移民工作仍具有深刻的历史借鉴意义。     

Canonical correlation analysis in the definition of weight restrictions for data envelopment analysis

This work investigates the use of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in the definition of weight restrictions for data envelopment analysis (DEA). With this purpose, CCA limits are introduced into Wong and Beasley's DEA model. An application of the method is made over data from hospitals in 27 Brazilian cities, producing as outputs average payment (average admission values) and percentage of hospital admissions according to disease groups (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition), and having as inputs mortality rates and average stay (length of stay after admission (days)). In this application, performance scores were calculated for both the (CCA) restricted and unrestricted DEA models. It can be concluded that the use of CCA-based weight limits for DEA models increases the consistency of the estimated DEA scores (more homogenous weights) and that these limits do not present mathematical infeasibility problems while avoiding the need for subjectively restricting weight variation in DEA.     

Cyclic Polygonal Designs with Block Size 3 and Joint Distance α = 2

Polygonal designs are useful in survey sampling in terms of balanced sampling plans excluding contiguous units (BSECs) and balanced sampling plans excluding adjacent units (BSAs). In this article, the method of cyclic shifts has been used for the construction of cyclic polygonal designs (in terms of BSAs) with block size k = 3 and λ = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 for joint distance α = 2 and 51 new designs for treatments v ≤ 100 are given.     

A note on the nonexistence of the constant block-sum balanced incomplete block designs

Abstract

Due to important practical applications and considerations in biomedical clinical trials, fixed block-sum designs are of interest. We show that in general, the constant block-sum balanced incomplete block designs do not exist.     

Some statistical issues in weather experimentation

A number of topics of statistical methodology in weather modification are discussed. The time sequence of unit definition, classification and randomization is shown to affect the types of units that can be used validly, and this casts doubt on the value of blocking. Re-randomization (permutation) tests are recommended as the only reliable method of confirmatory inference for weather experiments. Some aspects of such tests are examined, including a procedure for multiple comparisons. The plague of multiplicity of tests is discussed and warned against. Doubts about cumulative evaluations of "all" experiment's are expressed. A case is argued for examination of some non-randomized seeding operations. Consid¬ering the dearth of randomized data, it is argued that careful evaluation of seeding operations should be undertaken.     

最优故障诊断系统设计

为改善系统的故障诊断性能，在设备设计阶段考虑增加故障诊断子系统是十分必要的．本文从信息论的观点，提出了确定系统中最优状态检测器数目及其安装位置的方法，研究结果为指导故障诊断系统的设计提供了科学依据．     

A note on interpenetrating subsamples of unequal sizes drawn with and without replacement

In this article it is shown how one can gain in efficiency in selecting K interpenetrating subsamples of unequal sizes according to Chaudhuri and Adhikary's (1987) scheme rather than selecting them with replacement and considering the estimator based on distinct units as proposed by Bedi(1987).     

The revival of macrosociology: Methodological issues of discontinuity in comparative-historical theory

Three forms of discontinuity in social structure produce linked analogous problems about aggregates or wholes: discontinuity in units, discontinuity in time, and discontinuity in variables. Problems of macrotheory, of comparative-historical theory, and of levels of theory are analytically equivalent. Discontinuity in processes between different units produces macro-micro problems when processes involving individuals are different from processes involving larger aggregates. Discontinuity in time refers to the fact that in most dynamic processes, time does not appear homogeneous — if a process occurs in a century, that is not necessarily any reason to suppose that 1/100th of the process occurs in a year. Discontinuity in variables refers to the fact that all variables cannot operate coherently in the same explanatory system. These three discontinuities each produce problems of generalization and scope — problems getting from particular observed relationships to the underlying conditions and determinants of those relationships. For example, temporal discontinuity leads to problems of periodization and of stages. These problems are most visible in comparative-historical theory and they can only be resolved by comparative-historical data.     

Sustaining growth in the modern enterprise: A case study

This paper describes a model developed to demonstrate the constancy of and virtual need for change in a sustaining organization. Several executives from different organizations were interviewed in order to capture the dynamics structure. Essential variables were listed and causal modeling was used to obtain important relationships. Equations of interrelationships among the variables were developed. Validation of the model was performed at two levels: (1) validation of the structure as suggested by the causal modeling process using a new methodology and (2) validation of the emergent behavior by using case studies of industries which have different time rates of evolution.     

当代中国基层政治研究的若干新趋向

20世纪90年代以来，当代中国基层政治研究取得了长足进展，其中尤以“村治”研究为代表。但众多紧紧／仅仅聚焦于“村庄”层面的研究，同时也不可避免地存在共同的缺陷。正是对这一状况的反思，近年来促生了从“村”至“镇”这样的“重心下沉”后的“视域上移”。作为一个相对有着更为广阔视野的学术新域，运用叙事手法对乡镇政治所做的动态研究正越来越为研究者们所关注。以近年来出版的数本代表性论著为中心展开的延伸分析清楚地显示，当代中国基层政治研究正在整体面貌上经历着微妙的转变。