The marginalisation of children by the legal process

A major study carried out in the Melbourne Children's Court, Victoria, Australia, during 1993–1995, of the factors that influence magistrates' decision-making in child abuse cases, found that magistrates relied more on their legal training and individual discretion than on information from the child protection service when making these decisions. Magistrates' emphasis on adversarial procedures meant that the need to establish the facts in a case was the court's primary consideration and that children's interests, and welfare concerns about them, were marginalised in the hearing of child abuse matters. The article reports on this aspect of the larger study: how the adversarial process ill serves the rights, and best interests, of children in the hearing of child abuse matters and provides case examples to illustrate this. The information is drawn from the qualitative and quantitative data gathered for the major study; data collected from the observation of court hearings, interviews with magistrates and court record analysis.     

论科学发展观对环境行政决策的影响及因应对策

环境问题的复杂性、代际性、多元性以及环境行政决策所具有的科技关联性和利益冲突性等特点，决定了我们必须重视科学发展观之于环境行政决策过程与决策体制的影响。科学发展观“以人为本、全面协调可持续发展”的要求与环境行政决策的合法化、科学化、民主化的诉求并行不悖、相互促进。环境行政决策应响应科学发展观的要求，进行体系上的重构，顺应环境法治的时代要求。     

农户在风险和不确定环境中决策的定量分析

在市场竞争日益激烈的今天,农户们几乎每天都面临结果不确定的情况。本文用定量的方法分析了农户主对付风险和不确定性环境的态度和目标,作出了一个包括收益变动率的边际分析模型,提出了农户对付风险和不确定性的一些对策。     

企业危机管理——美国思科公司的案例研究

企业在发展过程中面对快速变化的内部、外部环境和激烈的市场竞争,不断遭遇各种危机。有些危机的出现甚至会迫使企业改变原有经营方式和发展战略。通过对美国思科公司的案例分析,可以发现,企业自身的素质,特别是核心竞争力、领导者的决策能力和应变能力是保证企业战胜危机、健康持续发展的关键。     

模糊满意关系上的决策

在许多决策问题中,备选方案上的二元优先关系是模糊的。本文分析了基于二元模糊优先关系上的奥尔洛夫斯基(Orlovsky)算法。该算法中,具有最大的不劣于程度的元是最佳元,因此算法存在一些缺陷。本文提出了一种新算法。新算法中,具有最大满意程度的元是最佳元。新算法弥补了 Orlovsky 算法的缺陷。     

Stories in Decisions: How At-Risk Individuals Decide to Request Predictive Testing for Huntington Disease

Huntington Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurological disease that typically occurs in mid-life. There is no prevention or cure, but persons at risk may request predictive genetic testing to learn whether or not they will develop the disease later in life. Many studies describe why such persons request this knowledge. Few consider how people actually make this novel decision. Drawing on in-depth interviews with sixteen test candidates, this article differentiates three types of stories about—as well as embedded in—the experience of deciding. Each type of story sheds a different light on the meaning and experience of making this decision. Stories of having to know reveal that decision-making may be experienced as a self-evident act while stories of evolving toward it feature an incremental process of weighing up the implications. Stories of taking the decision feature a pivotal point which involves the narrator in seeing anew the opportunity to make a choice. Emphasizing previously neglected temporal, biographical and phenomenological dimensions of decision-making, this typology underscores the relevance of narrative in complex processes of decision-making. It also illustrates the inadequacy of understanding decision-making purely through the lens of rational choice.     

风险感知视角下邻避冲突中公众行为演化及化解策略——以浙江余杭垃圾焚烧项目为例

近几年中国公众对有害邻避设施（垃圾焚烧、化工厂等）带来环境风险的强烈感知,使得邻避类群体性事件高发频发。风险感知视角下浙江余杭垃圾焚烧项目先后经历了强烈的风险感知、坚决反对—风险感知的下降、尝试了解—态度转变、迎臂接纳三个阶段,最终成功破题原址建设。风险感知视角下邻避项目中公众的行为演化机理遵循的逻辑为：项目本身的实体风险—风险感知的放大—危机产生—介入因素转变—风险感知降低—危机解除。要摆脱邻避项目陷入应急处理的窠臼,应构建嵌入公众风险感知的常态化决策程序,其内核为公众风险感知的嵌入,中间为到位的风险沟通、科学的技术评估与合理的利益补偿三环相扣的闭环环节,协商民主的理念则贯穿整个过程。     

Universal supplier selection via multi-dimensional auction mechanisms for two-way competition in oligopoly market of supply chain

Allocation of the tasks in competitive market conditions at each echelon of the supply chain is an important activity in the supply chain. The task allocation problem, referred to as supply chain formation process, normally faces information asymmetry in the supply chain. The information asymmetry is caused by rational and intelligent players trying to maximize their own profit rather than opt for the supply chain profit as a whole. Thus, the process of allocating tasks in such situations becomes difficult and will result in externalities in the supply chain trades. These externalities can be internalized with present methodologies in the literature. In this paper, the major internalization methods in different contexts are considered. Lagrange relaxation and Vickery Clarke Groves (VCG) auction mechanism are explored in order to form a supply chain. This paper proposes the multi-stage auction mechanism analyzing two-way competitions, a Bertrand and Cournot competition where price per unit and quantity are the underlying two parameters in a utility analysis. To analyze the problem in real life, the industry example of Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC) procurement process has been taken which demonstrates the usability of the proposed framework.     

论会计目标的确定

比较“受托责任观”和“决策有用观”两大会计目标理论观,在此基础上对会计目标的确定提出了个人的观点———全面信息论。认为会计目标的设定可在两种观点之间进行取舍,使其能站在公正的立场,提供客观、公正、真实、全面的信息,有效地协调好各方的利益。为多元化的信息使用者服务,促进经济的发展。     

决策责任、要价能力与人力资本激励模式选择

利用职务和贡献率两个指标,可将人力资本分为四种类型。不同类型的人力资本所有者具有不同的决策责任和要价能力,因此,企业的激励模式必须是分类激励模式,以实现决策责任和要价能力与激励方式之间的匹配,使人力资本所有者得到合理激励:对低职务低贡献人力资本,适宜采用短期激励模式;对于高职务低贡献的人力资本,宜采用以固定激励为主的中期激励模式;低职务高贡献人力资本,适合运用以收益性激励为主的中期激励模式;对于高职务高贡献型人力资本适用长期激励模式。