利率下降对我国居民跨期消费选择的影响分析

利率下降对居民跨期消费选择影响存在收入效应和替代效应.由于这两种效应对居民当期消费的作用方向完全相反,因而总效应要取决于这两种效应的强弱.对于我国中低收入居民来说,利率下降对其跨期消费选择的收入效应特别明显,替代效应则趋于零,因而降患反而会减少其当期消费数量.对于我国中高收入居民来说,利率下降对其跨期消费选择的替代效应在很大程度上被收入效应所抵消了,因而降息拉动其当期消费也不明显.为了刺激居民消费,除了实施降息政策以外,还必须采取其他政策与之配合.     

绿色设计的完全意义

作为一个能减少原生资源消耗和增加再生资源补充的有效手段、全力避免环境污染和生态破坏、维护人类社会安全生存与持续发展的宏观理念,绿色设计不仅应作用于某种产品的某个生产环节或技术层面,还应作用于产品从开发设计到废弃回收的整个生命周期;不仅局限在某些产品、行业、地区和时段,还应包括全社会乃至全人类所有的创造活动并成为人们永久性的思想共识和行为准则.     

城市生态绿化项目的政府投资方式改革——基于绿地建设与房产开发商的利益互动关系研究

通过对公共产品的内涵分析表明，仅由政府提供公共产品经常会出现不经济现象；只要解决外部性问题，公共产品是可以由私人提供的。以上海公共绿地为例，在分析目前公共绿地政府投资方式的基础上，研究绿地建设与房产开发商的利益互动关系，探讨城市绿地外部效应内部化的投资方式改革，提出房产与绿地联合开发建议，以期减轻政府建设城市绿地的资金压力，为实现城市公共绿地的最优投资提供理论上的依据。     

秦皇岛市高中生体育消费行为的调查

通过秦皇岛市5所高中621名学生的调查问卷，对高中生的体育消费行为进行调查。结果表明，秦皇岛市高中生体育消费的年级差异显著，在消费动机方面性别差异显著。高中生的体育消费受到家庭、学校、媒体信息等多种因素的影响。     

从普遍经济到普遍历史——论巴塔耶普遍经济学视野中的世界历史形态

巴塔耶一直试图从自己的普遍经济学的理论出发,建构出一套世界的普遍历史.本文首先对巴塔耶普遍经济学的含义和法则进行了解读,然后对其在此背景下所描述的各种社会形态进行了分析,从而概括了他所建立的普遍历史的形态.     

Organic food and the plural moralities of food provisioning

The aim of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to unfold the moral complexity of organic food consumption as part of household food provisioning. By acknowledging this complexity, and the difficulty of determining what is ‘good’ and ‘right’ in food provisioning, the idea is to allow for a better understanding of how organic food may, or may not, fit in with the various concerns of food provisioning. The second aim is to analyse how food provisioners handle this complexity so that food provisioning can proceed as an ordinary everyday activity.The paper analyses empirical material from a study of household food provisioning in Denmark. Theoretically, it draws on French pragmatic sociology as represented by the work of Boltanski and Thévenot on moral conventions and regimes of engagement. The analysis illustrates that food provisioning involves several competing sets of moral conventions and that the status of organic food in relation to these is often uncertain and contested. However, it also identifies among provisioners different strategies for handling this moral complexity in ordinary everyday life. The paper calls for some modesty in trying to change consumer behaviour in favour of organic products. Providing consumers with more information about organic food may not make it easier to determine what is ‘good’ and ‘right’ when buying food. It may only add to the complexity of food provisioning and thus to the need for compromise and pragmatism.     

论德莱塞《嘉莉妹妹》中的哲学沉思

德莱塞之重要性在于:他通过对社会犀利的观察、深切的体会,率先在其作品<嘉莉妹妹>中真实记录了时代跳动的脉搏,展示出美国社会转型时期大众社会价值观的分裂性变化.德莱塞的<嘉莉妹妹>不仅是作家对机械论哲学观的演绎与证明,同时也渗透出作家浪漫主义的理想主义者的一面以及他对新兴消费意识形态的矛盾态度,从而构成他复杂的人生哲学与潜在的动态创作观,而这些主要应归因于他对生命意义的深沉的追求与探寻.     

Key success factors when implementing a green-manufacturing system

This study proposes a three-layer assessment model to evaluate the performance of a green-manufacturing system (GMS) and identify the key success factors of its real-world implementation. The top layer of the model includes three dimensions – green design, green-manufacturing process and green packaging. The second and third layers include ten strategic subjects and 74 assessment factors, respectively. The weights in each layer are collected via a questionnaire and calculated using the analytical network process (ANP). Based on the ANP, the five key success factors for implementing the GMS in a company are proportion of non-toxic materials, compliance with eco-ordinances, proportion of biodegradable materials, environmental pollution per product and extent of process pollution. The practicality of the proposed model is demonstrated by evaluating three companies that produce similar products and share similar business models. The proposed model provides a valuable reference for real-world implementation of the GMS.     

城市道路绿地景观的文化底蕴

现代条件下人们对城市道路绿地景观提出了更高的观赏要求 ,期望更多高质量、高品味、高档次的绿地空间。笔者认为道路绿地景观的文化底蕴可以通过植物造景、环境小品、街头绿地等多种形式和手段体现出来 ,且应因地制宜 ,灵活变通 ,努力提高道路景观的文化品味     

An Exposure Assessment of Methyl Mercury via Fish Consumption for the Japanese Population

The objective of this article was to propose an exposure assessment model to describe the relationship between fish consumption and body methyl mercury (MeHg) levels in the Japanese population. Individual MeHg intake was estimated by the summation of species-specific fish consumption multiplied by species-specific fish MeHg levels. The distribution of fish consumed by individuals and the MeHg level in each fish species were assigned based on published data from Japanese government institutions. The probability of MeHg intake for a population was accomplished through a Monte Carlo simulation by the random sampling of fish consumption and species-specific MeHg levels. Internal body MeHg levels in blood and hair were estimated using a one-compartment model. Overall, the mean value of MeHg intake for the Japanese population was estimated to be 6.76 μg/day or 0.14 μg/kg body weight per day (bw/day), while the mean value for the hair mercury level was 2.02 μg/g. Compared with the survey data that tabulated hair mercury levels in a cross-section of the Japanese population, the simulation results matched the hair mercury survey data very well for women, but somewhat underestimated for men and all of the population. This exposure assessment model is a useful attempt at further risk assessment with respect to a risk-benefit analysis.