微型实验在农科大学基础化学实验中的探讨及应用实践

微型化学实验是化学领域的一次重大改革,是实现绿色化学的基础。文章阐述了微型化学实验的产生、特点和发展现状,并根据我校实际情况探讨了微型滴定分析法在农科大学基础化学实验中的应用实践。     

焦炉煤气还原硫酸钠制硫化钠的研究

在固定床反应器内600～700℃的温度范围研究了焦炉煤气还原硫酸钠制硫化钠的反应速率和影响因素，在固定床内随着温度的提高，反应速率增大，并能达到较高的转化率．温度低于680℃，表现为催化反应，Fe2O3是活性较高的催化剂；在700℃以上表现为非催化反应。焦炉煤气中氢气的浓度和硫酸钠的颗粒直径对反应有一定的影响．在反应器内只要控制合适条件，往硫酸钠中加入脂肪酸的钠盐可以避免烧结，并能获得更高的反应速率。     

The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty

Many authors have insisted on the necessity of defining poverty as a multidimensional concept rather than relying on income or consumption expenditures per capita. Yet, not much has actually been done to include the various dimensions of deprivation into the practical definition and measurement of poverty. Existing attempts along that direction consist of aggregating various attributes into a single index through some arbitrary function and defining a poverty line and associated poverty measures on the basis of that index. This is merely redefining more generally the concept of poverty, which then essentially remains a one dimensional concept. The present paper suggests that an alternative way to take into account the multi-dimensionality of poverty is to specify a poverty line for each dimension of poverty and to consider that a person is poor if he/she falls below at least one of these various lines. The paper then explores how to combine these various poverty lines and associated one-dimensional gaps into multidimensional poverty measures. An application of these measures to the rural population in Brazil is also given with poverty defined on income and education.     

关于贫困问题的社会保障学分析

贫困问题由来已久,它与社会保障的产生和发展有着十分密切的关系.运用社会保障学这一在经济学、政治学、社会学等多学科基础上发展起来的、独立的、交叉的、处于应用层次的社会科学来分析贫困问题,为理解"贫困"的概念与成因提供了一种新的视角,同时可以借助社会保障学来分析社会保障在缓解、预防贫困方面的重大作用以及社会保障与"贫困陷阱"的关系.通过对这些问题的理解与分析,有助于认识社会保障在应对贫困问题方面的积极作用及可能产生的消极作用,为我国最大程度地发挥社会保障的缓解及预防贫困的作用,同时避免"贫困陷阱"提供一些启示.     

绿色壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

指出在现代国际贸易中,一种新的贸易保护措施"绿色壁垒"正在迅速成为发达国家主要的非关税贸易壁垒,并且呈加快发展态势,绿色壁垒已成为我国产品出口的主要障碍。分析了绿色壁垒对我国产品出口尤其对农产品、机电产品、纺织品、化学与医药品和玩具产品出口产生的重大影响。提出了应对绿色壁垒的对策:顺应世界贸易潮流,制定相应的法律、法规,建立符合国际标准的技术指标体系,发展绿色环保产业,提高企业的效益和竞争力等。     

建立全球性绿色贸易制度

为了克服传统贸易制度忽略环境因素的缺陷,建立全球性绿色贸易制度不仅是必要的,而且是可行 的。但是,由于涉及主权转让、相对优势变动、技术性障碍,特别是发达国家推诿责任等因素的影响,该制度的建 立还尚费时日。因此,坚定不移地实施国际协调是至关重要的。     

是经济贫困还是文化贫困?--评第三届鲁迅文学奖中篇小说《好大一对羊》

云南昭通市作家夏天敏的中篇小说<好大一对羊>的深刻之处,是作者对红土高原农民生命处境的烦扰窘困背后的文化贫困进行思考,可作为当下中国贫困山区人们生存状态、思维方式、价值取向的批判性文本.作品在揭露扶贫工作中存在的形式主义、官僚主义给当地群众带来灾难的同时,揭示出来自农民思想意识深处的文化贫困.从而使读者认识到,对贫困地区的扶贫不仅仅是经济上的扶贫,更为重要的是文化上的扶贫.     

绿党对宪法基本原则的挑战

绿党是西方兴起的一种新的政治力量,其哲学观是把生态环境利益上升为人类最高利益,并以自然生态环境为国家社会中心的生态中心主义,它的出现带来的是对传统价值观念、经济发展模式的变革性的挑战,对宪法基本原则的挑战也不容忽视。其生态权利之上的价值观对宪法基本原则的挑战表现为人民主权原则的动摇、基本人权原则的错位、权力制约原则的变异和法治原则的化。     

Uncertainty Analysis for Computer Model Projections of Hurricane Losses

Projecting losses associated with hurricanes is a complex and difficult undertaking that is wrought with uncertainties. Hurricane Charley, which struck southwest Florida on August 13, 2004, illustrates the uncertainty of forecasting damages from these storms. Due to shifts in the track and the rapid intensification of the storm, real-time estimates grew from 2 to 3 billion dollars in losses late on August 12 to a peak of 50 billion dollars for a brief time as the storm appeared to be headed for the Tampa Bay area. The storm hit the resort areas of Charlotte Harbor near Punta Gorda and then went on to Orlando in the central part of the state, with early poststorm estimates converging on a damage estimate in the 28 to 31 billion dollars range. Comparable damage to central Florida had not been seen since Hurricane Donna in 1960. The Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology (FCHLPM) has recognized the role of computer models in projecting losses from hurricanes. The FCHLPM established a professional team to perform onsite (confidential) audits of computer models developed by several different companies in the United States that seek to have their models approved for use in insurance rate filings in Florida. The team's members represent the fields of actuarial science, computer science, meteorology, statistics, and wind and structural engineering. An important part of the auditing process requires uncertainty and sensitivity analyses to be performed with the applicant's proprietary model. To influence future such analyses, an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis has been completed for loss projections arising from use of a Holland B parameter hurricane wind field model. Uncertainty analysis quantifies the expected percentage reduction in the uncertainty of wind speed and loss that is attributable to each of the input variables.     

哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群的基本条件与优势

产业集群对集群内企业在竞争力提升上有重要作用。哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群,具有得天独厚的地理环境和资源优势,具有大企业集团集中、高校和科研院所较多的优势,及在国内外市场上的品牌和信誉优势。通过绿色食品产业集群的发展壮大,必将提高产品与企业的市场竞争力,推动绿色食品产业的持续发展。