Socio-economic Indexes in Surveys for Comparisons between Countries

The study of socio-economic inequalities from across-national perspective has been hampered by the lack of adequate common indices of socio-economic status that can be used in a self-report survey instrument. This paper examines the construction and the properties of global social indexes in general, and of the Family Affluence Scale (henceforth FAS) in particular. The paper proposes a new strategy for making comparisons of the global index with stratified data, building a revised FAS based on Adapted Canonical Variate Analysis (henceforth ACVA). This alternative strategy for constructing a global index is available in standard software, and the new proposal for stratified data only requires a simple program, which is justified, explained and provided in the text. Data come from the 1998 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC), a WHO Cross-National Study using cluster sampling of schoolchildren from five countries: Denmark, Latvia, Portugal, Scotland and the USA. The results reveal that in every country we would have had a completely different evaluation of the three indicators of Family Affluence if we had used either linear or nonlinear approaches to compute the global indexes. Moreover, Family Affluence comparisons among countries shows that the relative contribution of the three indicators to the overall FAS, changes from country to country. We conclude that separate indicators of Family Affluence are not equally relevant in each country and, as a consequence, do not contribute equally to the global index. For cross-cultural studies, the strategy for constructing an index should be country specific. The methodological developments presented in the paper open up opportunities to study socio-economic patterning of health among young people in the developed world, since self completed surveys can now employ a common measure of family material wealth. The findings show that the RFAS (Revised FAS) is a useful index of socio-economic status for use in national and cross-national surveys of adolescent health and health behaviour. The new strategy for weighting observed indicators in the index gives it enhanced power to detect in equalities.     

汉语译著中的西洋姓名问题

近百年的西学汉语著作中存在着大量名不从主人、名不副实的虚幻洋名。姓名颠倒、把复姓当全名、胡乱选择姓名简称等错误在词条、索引、著者目录中经常出现。"名不正则言不顺",各行各业早晚都要与国际惯例接轨。为了提高西学水平,有必要引进西洋姓名学。姓氏是象征血缘遗传的家庭伦理标志,是风俗嬗变的化石。姓名演变与民族文化发展同呼吸共命运,折射传统特色。正确理解和著录西洋姓名,对提高西学和外事工作具有重要意义。     

地图集评价的探讨

探讨了地图集的评价问题，选取并分析了地图集的选题、科学性、统一协调性、艺术性等地图集评价的主要指标     

Adjusting the bias of adaptive sampling estimators of spatial dispersion indexes by the δ-method

It is common practice to investigate the spatial dispersion in a community of discrete individuals (like animals or plants). Usually, the study area is partitioned into spatial units of equal size and then the relationship between the first two moments of the variable representing the number of individuals in each plot is investigated. When the points are spread over a very wide area so that the population density is low but many points are concentrated inside a few units, then a suitable sample method for estimating the first two moments is adaptive sampling. However, since the more common dispersion indexes are non linear function of the first two moments, the resulting estimators are biased for finite samples. Accordingly, a procedure to adjust bias is required for small samples. In this paper a δ-method evaluation of the bias is proposed and the asymptotic distribution of the bias-corrected estimators is provided. Finally, a simulation study is performed in order to investigate the performance of the proposed procedure.     

武陵源生态旅游认证指标体系分析

随着低碳经济越来越被人们关注,生态旅游因其在发展旅游经济、吸引游客和保护旅游资源等方面的突出作用,更成为当前国际旅游产业发展的主流趋势。本文通过构建和分析武陵源生态旅游认证指标体系,以其探索由传统的自然山水观光旅游向生态旅游的转型,并为武陵源生态旅游开发提供借鉴和参考。     

山东省外商直接投资与低碳经济——基于VAR模型的实证分析

伴随着全球变暖加剧,越来越多的关注放在人类自身可持续发展上,节能减排也越来越为世界所关心。除了本国产业,外商直接投资的产业也有义务对二氧化碳的排放承担责任。运用山东省从1985到2009年GDP、FDI、CO2排放量的数据,基于VAR模型,探究三者之间的关系。研究表明：山东省外商直接投资并没有有效地将山东省低碳环保与经济发展有机的结合起来,山东省需强调外商直接投资与低碳经济的关系,以利于经济社会的和谐发展。     

冷思考我国GDP排名全球第二

GDP常被视为反映一个国家或地区经济发展状况的重要指标。近年来,中国经济一直处于高位增长态势,2009年GDP总量又创新高,达到335 353亿元,比上年增长8.7%,首次超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。在GDP高增长的背后,仔细分析我国GDP的增长质量,情况不容乐观。从GDP结构、增长质量以及GDP与社会福利的关系两方面解析GDP高增长背景下值得思考的问题,指出在关注GDP增长总量之外,更应注重提高其增长质量和努力改善民生,使人们真正从GDP高增长中获益。     

2020年中国天然气行业的运行态势

2020年,中国天然气行业运行走势持续向好,天然气行业景气指数、天然气生产景气指数和天然气销售景气指数均呈稳定增长态势,天然气对外依存度实现了从快速增长到减速刹车的转变。但是,中国天然气行业发展仍然面临勘探开发技术制约产量、储运技术亟需提高、天然气市场运行机制不顺、国际天然气市场风云变幻等挑战。当然,我国天然气行业也面临着良好的发展机遇,特别是“煤改气”政策的持续发酵、“碳中和”长远目标的提出、“智能化”和“新基建”的不断推进,均拓展了天然气行业的发展空间。中国天然气行业未来要实现快速稳定发展,需要从增加自有天然气供给量、拓展天然气应用空间、完善天然气市场运行机制、提升天然气行业运行质量、提高天然气行业智能化水平、保障我国天然气正常供给等方面入手。     

Rethinking of Economic Growth and Life Satisfaction in Post-Wwii Japan – A Fresh Approach

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been utilized by academics and policy makers to indicate the economic well-being of the people. However, economic growth measures cannot capture fully the overall well-being of the people. This paper has tested quality of economic growth in Japan after World War II as to whether it has brought about positive outcome in the well-being of its citizens. Comparison between GDP and GPI (Genuine Progress Index) has revealed that GDP does not fit as well with people’s life satisfaction trend as GPI. Prefecture-based rankings on GDP, Human Development Index (HDI) and Life Satisfaction have shown that there are clear gaps between objective measures and subjective measures to indicate the overall well-being of the people. Also, analysis on major determinants for people’s life satisfaction reveals that older people, women, non-employed people, and those who live in subsidized housings felt satisfied with their life.     

Measuring what matters and guiding policy: An evaluation of the Genuine Progress Indicator

This article examines the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), which seeks to respond to the shortcomings of GDP and the main contemporary challenges to welfare. As a monetary indicator, the GPI is uniquely suited to evaluate the impact of policy proposals and its dashboard-like features are able to track changes in contributing variables. While the GPI is currently not available for use in cross-country analyses, it will be measurable using a standard methodology once certain data issues have been resolved and a consensus is reached on GPI 2.0. Currently, the main obstacles to its widespread use are lack of political leadership and institutional support.