Circuit optimization via sequential computer experiments: design of an output buffer

In electrical engineering, circuit designs are now often optimized via circuit simulation computer models. Typically, many response variables characterize the circuit's performance. Each response is a function of many input variables, including factors that can be set in the engineering design and noise factors representing manufacturing conditions. We describe a modelling approach which is appropriate for the simulator's deterministic input–output relationships. Non-linearities and interactions are identified without explicit assumptions about the functional form. These models lead to predictors to guide the reduction of the ranges of the designable factors in a sequence of experiments. Ultimately, the predictors are used to optimize the engineering design. We also show how a visualization of the fitted relationships facilitates an understanding of the engineering trade-offs between responses. The example used to demonstrate these methods, the design of a buffer circuit, has multiple targets for the responses, representing different trade-offs between the key performance measures.     

KS,χ~2检验方法的K分布杂波参数估计研究

提出了一种基于矩估计的KS,χ2检验方法,用于对K分布杂波进行参数估计。该方法从拟合最优的角度进行参数估计,结合矩估计将二维优化转化为一维优化问题。仿真结果表明,该参数估计方法相比于二四阶矩估计方法有明显的改善,KS与分数阶矩法相比,仿真效果较好。χ2法在小v值时与分数阶矩法相当,当v增大时,性能下降。     

A simulation tool for modeling the influence of anatomy on information flow using discrete integrate and fire neurons

There are theories on brain functionality that can only be tested in very large models. In this work, a simulation model appropriate for working with large number of neurons was developed, and Information Theory measuring tools were designed to monitor the flow of information in such large networks. The model’s simulator can handle up to one million neurons in its current implementation by using a discretized version of the Lapicque integrate and fire neuron instead of interacting differential equations. A modular structure facilitates the setting of parameters of the neurons, networks, time and most importantly, architectural changes. Applications of this research are demonstrated by testing architectures in terms of mutual information. We present some preliminary architectural results showing that adding a virtual analogue to white matter called “jumps” to a simple representation of cortex results in: (1) an increase in the rate of mutual information flow, corresponding to the “bias” or “priming” hypothesis; thereby giving a possible explanation of the high speed response to stimuli in complex networks. (2) An increase in the stability of response of the network; i.e. a system with “jumps” is a more reliable machine. This also has an effect on the potential speed of response.     

Simultaneous semi-sequential testing of dual alternatives for pattern recognition

In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric simultaneous test for dual alternatives. Simultaneous tests for dual alternatives are used for pattern detection of arsenic contamination level in ground water. We consider two possible patterns, namely, monotone shift and an umbrella-type location alternative, as the dual alternatives. Pattern recognition problems of this nature are addressed in Bandyopadhyay et al. [5], stretching the idea of multiple hypotheses tests as in Benjamini and Hochberg [6]. In the present context, we develop an alternative approach based on contrasts that helps us to detect three underlying pattern much more efficiently. We illustrate the new methodology through a motivating example related to highly sensitive issue of arsenic contamination in ground water. We provide some Monte-Carlo studies related to the proposed technique and give a comparative study between different detection procedures. We also obtain some related asymptotic results.     

An Empirical,Nonparametric Simulator for Multivariate Random Variables with Differing Marginal Densities and Nonlinear Dependence with Hydroclimatic Applications

Multivariate simulations of a set of random variables are often needed for risk analysis. Given a historical data set, the goal is to develop simulations that reproduce the dependence structure in that data set so that the risk of potentially correlated factors can be evaluated. A nonparametric, copula‐based simulation approach is developed and exemplified. It can be applied to multiple variables or to spatial fields with arbitrary dependence structures and marginal densities. The nonparametric simulator uses logspline density estimation in the univariate setting, together with a sampling strategy to reproduce dependence across variables or spatial instances, through a nonparametric numerical approximation of the underlying copula function. The multivariate data vectors are assumed to be independent and identically distributed. A synthetic example is provided to illustrate the method, followed by an application to the risk of livestock losses in Mongolia.     

How children tell a (prosocial) lie from an (ironic) joke: The role of shared knowledge

Understanding counterfactual utterances is a major challenge for children, because of the many ways in which they can be interpreted (pretence, errors, figures of speech, lies). In the present study, 7-year-olds and adults determined whether counterfactual utterances were prosocial lies or irony, depending on whether the counterfactuality was known only to the speaker (unshared knowledge) or to both interlocutors (shared knowledge). When the counterfactuality was shared by the interlocutors, both the 7-year-olds and the adults were less likely to interpret the speaker's counterfactual utterance as an attempted lie, and more likely to conclude that the speaker was being ironic. Adults were better than children at distinguishing irony from lies, but both age groups exhibited the same response pattern, namely a bias toward lying. This bias did not prevent the adults from deciding that the speaker was being ironic when the counterfactuality was shared, whereas children responded at chance level. In children, the association between task performance and theory-of-mind skills was nonsignificant, with a very small effect size. We discuss the possibility that, contrary to widespread belief, distinguishing irony from lies does not necessarily involve theory of mind (ToM).     

文化差异与翻译的求同存异

语言和文化两者密不可分,相互依存。同样的词语在不同的历史、文化和习俗背景下所产生的语义和效果不同。要学好英语,就要了解英语产生的社会文化背景,了解中外文化差异;翻译中教会学生从文化内涵来分析并理解作品,处理好文化差异中的求同存异。文中简述了后现代语境下的文化与翻译以及几种常见的翻译方法。     

农用地因素法与样地法分等对比研究--以重庆市丰都县为例

对现行《农用地分等规程》中因素法和样地法进行探讨,寻求农用地分等的最佳方法。文献资料法、比较分析法。《规程》中因素法分等使得研究区单元分值出现拐点,划分等别部分与实际不符;样地法分等结果则不存在这一问题。在农用地分等中, 在县域内种植制度为一年两熟和一年一熟的地区采用样地法分等更合理。     

当前语言空间的萎缩与纯文学的危机

本文认为 ,文学是作者和读者的互动语言交往 ,语言共识空间的形成是文学作品艺术价值实现的保证。当前导致纯文学危机的因素很多 ,但深层原因是纯文学与读者的语言共识空间的萎缩。导致这种萎缩的原因有外在于文学的 ,也有文学的内部原因。明了当前文学现状 ,在有望迎来纯文学新的繁荣。     

诉讼证据的概念重构

对诉讼证据,目前处于通说地位的是事实观的证据论,在这一类定义内容中,因为强调的内容不同,各派学者又有不同的现点,现阶段,学界与实务界对事实观的证据定义提出质疑,转而强调其被动性与诉讼特征;这两类观点均有不足,可将证据定义为:由有权收集的单位或个人依法收集,在诉讼中被用以证明诉讼的主张或者由案件处理机关用以证明案件事实的材料与现象。