农村居民看病难、看病贵原因实证分析

利用扩展的线性支出系统模型(ELES),采用最小二乘法估计计算了我国农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格弹性。研究结果表明:农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格缺乏弹性。由于农村居民的短期医疗服务需求价格缺乏弹性,加上我国目前医疗体制存在的以药养医和医疗机构的逐利行为以及医疗市场缺乏有效的监管等问题,导致农村居民看病难、看病贵。解决这个问题,需要国家增加对卫生领域的投入,降低农民看病时自费的比例,增强卫生市场的竞争性,适当使医疗卫生资源向农村地区倾斜,并逐渐把医疗机构办成非盈利机构。     

试论饭店体验服务产品及其开发

随着体验经济时代的到来,饭店体验服务产品应运而生,给饭店业带来了新的商机,着重论述饭店体验服务产品的产生背景,产品的种类、特性及其开发策略。     

关于硕士研究生培养“两年制”的思考

我国硕士研究生教育的培养目标一直定位在学术型人才的培养上,但随着国际化进程的发展以及国内现实的需要,硕士研究生的培养模式发生了转变。改革硕士生的培养学制被提上了日程,在国内某些重点高校也进行了试点。然而“两年制”的学制改革也引发了社会各阶层的争议,学制改革是否可行成为争论的焦点。两年制的改革不仅影响到硕士研究生教育未来的发展道路,而且也成为关系教育能否高效、高质的为国家经济、社会建设输送高级人才的重要课题。     

从《醒世姻缘传》看汉语句式结构的层面渗透

汉语句式结构框架在其产生之后并非静止不动，除其自身的丰富发展之外，它还向不同的语法结构层面渗透，汉语词、词组、句子在结构关系上所具有的一致性由此产生。明末清初白话小说《醒世姻缘传》中的比拟句、“把”字句等就充分显示了汉语句式结构的这种中间过渡状态。     

A Risk-Based Method for Modeling Traffic Fatalities

We describe a risk-based analytical framework for estimating traffic fatalities that combines the probability of a crash and the probability of fatality in the event of a crash. As an illustrative application, we use the methodology to explore the role of vehicle mix and vehicle prevalence on long-run fatality trends for a range of transportation growth scenarios that may be relevant to developing societies. We assume crash rates between different road users are proportional to their roadway use and estimate case fatality ratios (CFRs) for the different vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-pedestrian combinations. We find that in the absence of road safety interventions, the historical trend of initially rising and then falling fatalities observed in industrialized nations occurred only if motorization was through car ownership. In all other cases studied (scenarios dominated by scooter use, bus use, and mixed use), traffic fatalities rose monotonically. Fatalities per vehicle had a falling trend similar to that observed in historical data from industrialized nations. Regional adaptations of the model validated with local data can be used to evaluate the impacts of transportation planning and safety interventions, such as helmets, seat belts, and enforcement of traffic laws, on traffic fatalities.     

借鉴美国西部开发教训谈我国西部生态环境制度建设

西部大开发中的生态环境对整个大开发战略有着深刻的影响,应借鉴美国西部开发的教训,树立新的资源观和发展观,制定出一系列关于西部地区生态环境重建的制度措施。     

解读人与自然的和谐

人与自然和谐包含着丰富和深刻的内涵 ,从理论层面上看 ,它应是人与自然互相适应的辩证统一 ;从实践层面上讲 ,它应是人与自然双方均处于既被改造又应保护的关系之中。必须反对在这个问题上的各种片面的观点与看法     

电子商务立法的国际比较及对我国的启示

电子商务的迅速发展实质性地改变了传统市场交易的形式。而作为法律调整和规范的主要对象之一，交易形式的变化要求有新的法律规定与之相适应。在国际上，关于电子商务的立法活动已经形成了一种浪潮。而我国的电子商务立法工作却一直进展缓慢。其中有认识上的问题，更主要的是立法经验的不足。借鉴有关国家电子商务立法的先进经验，我国应当尽快建立和完善电子商务法制，这其中包括应当建立关于电子签名、电子商务认证、电子合同、电子支付等方面的法律规则与制度。     

浅谈气质与大学生就业

气质是个性心理特征之一,属于个性结构中的风格系统,它使人的心理和行为带有特定的风格,了解气质的本质及特征,对于大学生在就业过程中个性完善、社会适应、心理保健等方面都有着重要的指导意义。     

Automobile prices and protection: The U.S.-Japan trade restraint

We examine the effects of the U.S.-Japan trade restraint on automobile prices and quality upgrading, for both Japanese imports and American small cars. From April 1981 to April 1984 the suggested retail price of all Japanese models increased by 15.8 percent, or 5.3 percent per year. We find that nearly the entire amount of this rise can be explained by the upgrading of individual models. This upgrading may benefit consumers who would purchase a luxury import in any case, but harms those who desire the basic imports. In addition to upgrading, we conclude that a second cost of the trade restraint has been to prevent the yen depreciation from being passed onto American consumers, in terms of lower imported auto prices. For U.S. small cars we find a 9.1 percent rise in the suggested retail price, or 3 percent per year, with a fraction of this amount due to model upgrading. If the yen depreciation had led to lower import prices without the trade restraint, then we expect that U.S. auto prices would have been lower, too.