论乡村社会自治权力区域效力的绝对性

在乡村社会中,乡村自治权力的行使实质上是以民主的形式,在特定区域内以秩序和功利为指导原则,实行多数人的统治。它的构成及其运行方式所引起的一系列类似“姑娘户”一样的现实问题,除了源于固有的社会传统外,还基于其内在的法律特性———自治权力的区域效力绝对性。在中国社会转型期间,从社会法学的视角剖析这一特性及其成因,既有深刻的现实意义,又有重要的理论价值。只有寻求自治权力控权理论的突破和创新,才能更好地指导自治权力的实践活动。     

Team effectiveness in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) projects

The incorporation of team context into research and practice regarding team effectiveness in NGOs projects is a constant challenge. The research seeks to address the gap and identify the critical determinants of team effectiveness in projects undertaken by non-governmental organizations. Using a systematic process, the study involved both literature and focus group discussions to generate the required items. A total of 157 respondents (Team Members and Team Leaders) were part of the study that filled the questionnaires. Using exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis, both convergent and discriminant validity was established. The present study found that team effectiveness in NGO social projects has a total of seven dimensions namely: Inter team coordination, community social linkage, team performance, knowledge, skills, and attitudes, leadership communication and engagement, decision making and information sharing, and team formation. There is a significant lack of research on team effectiveness in NGO projects. Where considerably large proportion of research on team effectiveness has focused on the corporate sector, the non-governmental teams have been neglected. This study clearly highlights the determinants that make up team effectiveness in NGOs. The determinants identified will help to specifically look at the effectiveness of teams in NGO projects. The study would help NGOs identify the dimensions in which they may be performing in a weaker manner and direct their energies in improving the factors.     

品牌植入有效性研究综述与展望

媒介环境的复杂多元化及受众心理行为的成熟化,使得基于互动体验的品牌植入成为品牌传播领域的研究热点,而有效性研究是品牌植入研究的核心内容。深入研究品牌植入有效性,旨在引入认知神经测量、互联网测量等新兴测量方法和指标,结合品牌植入有效性影响因素及机制的纵向化、协同化的深入分析,从时效性与适用性等维度探究切实提升品牌植入有效性的途径,更好地满足品牌传播的需要。     

Non‐inferiority and networks: inferring efficacy from a web of data

In the absence of placebo‐controlled trials, the efficacy of a test treatment can be alternatively examined by showing its non‐inferiority to an active control; that is, the test treatment is not worse than the active control by a pre‐specified margin. The margin is based on the effect of the active control over placebo in historical studies. In other words, the non‐inferiority setup involves a network of direct and indirect comparisons between test treatment, active controls, and placebo. Given this framework, we consider a Bayesian network meta‐analysis that models the uncertainty and heterogeneity of the historical trials into the non‐inferiority trial in a data‐driven manner through the use of the Dirichlet process and power priors. Depending on whether placebo was present in the historical trials, two cases of non‐inferiority testing are discussed that are analogs of the synthesis and fixed‐margin approach. In each of these cases, the model provides a more reliable estimate of the control given its effect in other trials in the network, and, in the case where placebo was only present in the historical trials, the model can predict the effect of the test treatment over placebo as if placebo had been present in the non‐inferiority trial. It can further answer other questions of interest, such as comparative effectiveness of the test treatment among its comparators. More importantly, the model provides an opportunity for disproportionate randomization or the use of small sample sizes by allowing borrowing of information from a network of trials to draw explicit conclusions on non‐inferiority. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

现代西方教学效能的主要研究范式及其发展趋势

本文以范式和教学效能这两个概念的内涵为切入点,从时间的维度出发,对现代西方教学效能的主要研究范式；过程—先前经验研究范式；过程—系统性研究范式；过程—结果研究范式；实验性研究范式；过程—过程研究范式；过程—过程—结果研究范式作了分析,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了阐述.     

基于面向对象教学法的“马克思主义基本原理”课实效性探究

高校思想政治理论课教学的实效性，源于强化教学手段，变革教学方法。面向对象教学法旨在打造“原理为基、能力为本、精神为魂、做人为重”的课堂教学体系。坚持面向共在、面向体系间的转换、面向教与学的主体间性等原则，增强思想政治理论课教学的实效性，提升大学生理论思维水平。     

Measurement error and outcomes defined by exceeding a threshold: biased findings in comparative effectiveness trials

In medical studies, the long‐term level of a risk factor exceeding a threshold is often an outcome of interest. In practice, such a risk factor may not be directly measurable. Instead, outcome variables are based on a single or multiple biomedical measurements that have substantial variability. This variability is due to measurement error in a strict sense, true day‐to‐day variability, or a combination of the two. Estimates of prevalence based on such outcomes are biased; some individuals with long‐term levels below the threshold will be diagnosed, and some with long‐term levels above the threshold will not be diagnosed. From a public health point of view, this is a relatively minor concern; it is much less important than the fact that many individuals are not tested at all. However, in comparative effectiveness research studies, such as clinical trials evaluating a new treatment as compared with a placebo or a gold standard treatment, the combination of a noisy measurement and a threshold can distort the studies’ conclusions in important ways. Using simulations and theoretical formulas, we systematically describe the bias of prevalence difference and prevalence ratio when comparing arms and its effect on trial conclusions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农村信用社改革成效及存在问题研究

农村信用社作为我国金融体系的重要组成部分,在我国农业和农村经济发展中的地位和作用日益突出。2003年启动的新一轮农村信用社改革试点工作取得了阶段性成效,但在支农力度、法人治理、金融监管及立法等方面仍存在严重不足,大大阻碍了农村信用社的发展和社会主义新农村建设。我们只有加大支农投入、完善法人治理结构、加强监管、健全法制,才能确保改革的顺利推进。     

法律何时有效——试析弗里德曼论法律如何对社会产生影响的理论

本文从弗里德曼利用法律行为来定义法律制度这一问题入手，阐述了弗里德曼有关法律如何对社会产生影响一即弗氏关于法律何时有效的观点，分析了制裁、社会力量、良心和法律规范等因素是如何对法律的社会效力产生影响的。     

基于灰色投入产出模型的供应链稳定性分析

供应链是一个动态系统,稳定性是系统良好运作的前提。运用灰色系统理论中的投入产出理论建立供应链的模型,从供应链成员之间的关联性、供应链整体效益的可行性、链上产品的市场满意指数三个方面得出稳定性供应链的约束条件。