基于证据推理和广义Shapley值的扩展概率语言多属性群决策方法

扩展概率语言词集通过语言变量概率分布的调整能够转化为多种语言信息表示模型,是语言变量、不确定语言信息、扩展犹豫模糊语言词集、分布语言评估信息、概率语言词集等的一般化,具有较强的通用性和实用性,是处理不确定性信息的重要工具。鉴于此,本文针对扩展概率语言环境下的多属性群决策问题,提出基于证据推理和广义Shapley值的多属性群决策方法。首先,提出扩展概率语言词集的定义和相关基础理论。其次,将广义Shapley值和证据推理相结合用于专家信息融合,并将广义Shapley值和TODIM方法相结合用于备选方案排序。再次,提出基于灰色关联法的权重确定模型来处理专家/属性权重部分未知的情况。最后,以绿色供应商选择为例进行分析,通过对比分析验证所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

Analysis of bivariate dichotomous data from a stratified two-stage cluster sample

In the health and social sciences, researchers often encounter categorical data for which complexities come from a nested hierarchy and/or cross-classification for the sampling structure. A common feature of these studies is a non-standard data structure with repeated measurements which may have some degree of clustering. In this paper, methodology is presented for the joint estimation of quantities of interest in the context of a stratified two-stage sample with bivariate dichotomous data. These quantities are the mean value π of an observed dichotomous response for a certain condition or time-point and a set of correlation coefficients for intra-cluster association for each condition or time period and for inter-condition correlation within and among clusters. The methodology uses the cluster means and pairwise joint probability parameters from each cluster. They together provide appropriate information across clusters for the estimation of the correlation coefficients.     

How to build nomogram for type 2 diabetes using a naïve Bayesian classifier technique

In this study, we introduced a method for building a Bayesian nomogram and proposed an appropriate nomogram for type 2 diabetes (T2D) using data from 13,474 subjects collected from the 2013–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. We identified risk factors related to T2D, proposed a visual nomogram for T2D from a naïve Bayesian classifier model, and predicted incidence rates. Additionally, we computed confidence intervals for the influence of risk factors (attributes) and verified the proposed Bayesian nomogram using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Finally, we compared logistic regression and the Bayesian nomogram for T2D. The results of the analysis of the T2D data showed that the most influential factor among all attributes in the Bayesian nomogram was age group, and the highest risk factor for T2D incidence was cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia and hypertension also had significant impacts on T2D incidence while the effects of sex, smoking status, and employment status were relatively small compared to those of other variables. Using the proposed Bayesian nomogram, we can easily predict the incidence rate of T2D in an individual, and treatment plans can be established based on this information.     

Estimation of a rare sensitive attribute for two-stage randomized response model in probability proportional to size sampling using Poisson probability distribution

This paper addresses the estimation of the mean number of individuals in the population who possess a rare sensitive attribute using Poisson distribution for the situations of (i) clustered population and (ii) stratified population with clusters are strata units. Properties of the proposed estimation procedures have been discussed when the proportion of a rare unrelated non-sensitive attribute is assumed to be known as well as unknown. Empirical studies are carried out to support the theoretical results which showed dominance over Lee et al. [Estimation of a rare sensitive attribute in probability proportional to size measures using Poisson distribution. Statistics (Ber). 2014;48(3):685–709] estimation procedures.     

技术化与化技术——工笔画技术光鲜背后的沉思

现阶段,工笔画的发展正呈现出兴盛的态势。文章通过对工笔画现状的分析,提出兴盛表象背后的文化缺失与人本精神疏离现象出现的原因及特点。力求揭示解决此问题的关键在于明晰技术与艺术的关系。并以艺术本质属性为根本,将二者的关系确立为：艺术实践应以艺术家的思想和文化认知为先导去统领技术的运用与革新,从而实现从＂技术化＂到＂化技术＂的转变。     

论手术同意书的法律属性

关于“手术同意书”法律性质的不同学说，各有特点利弊。它是手术治疗的前提，其实质是患者自主决定权的法律保障，是医师履行说明义务的证明，并不是医院转移风险或责任的手段，符合一定条件的手术同意书具有一定的法律效力。由此需要对手术同意书的适用规范加以完善。     

矿难治理对策：一种劳动经济学分析视角

矿难频发已成为中国煤炭行业发展的“毒瘤”,必须加以根本性的解决。运用劳动经济学的享乐工资模型分析中小煤矿矿难事故问题,指出矿工的特定劳动供给行为和矿主基于利润最大化的劳动需求行为共同构成了矿难事故的成因及条件。因此,治理矿难必须从调整矿工的劳动供给行为与矿主的劳动需求行为两个方面入手,即在享乐主义工资模型动态化的基础上提出对应的治理对策,方能达到治本的目的。这些治理对策包括改善社会整体就业环境、提高矿工整体薪酬水平、逐步提高矿难死亡赔偿标准等。     

PowerPoint多媒体课件制作技巧

本文主要介绍使用PowerPoint在多媒体课件制作过程中经常使用的一些技巧,这些技巧的掌握对多媒体课件的制作有一定的帮助作用。     

现代化教育与人的现代化

人是社会的主体,也是社会现代化的主体,社会现代化总是要通过人的活动来实现。社会现代化一定程度上决定于社会主体的现代化,社会主体的现代化创造着社会的现代化。现代化的人不是自发成长起来的,他需要依靠现代化的教育。在影响人的成长和发展的诸多因素中,教育是起主导作用的因素。通过分析人的现代化的本质和属性,以及现代教育在人的现代化过程中的作用,说明了教育对人的现代化有着直接的独立的贡献,并提出了实现现代教育的基本途径。     

公允价值计量属性的探讨

从国内外对公允价值计量属性的定义入手,分析该计量属性存在的优缺点以及与其他几种计量属性之间的关系,并结合新会计准则分析公允价值在非货币性资产交易、金融工具、投资性房地产、债务重组、企业合并中的运用及其对企业利润和财务状况的影响。