Innovative approaches to regulating decent work for domestic workers in Côte d'Ivoire: Labour administration and the judiciary under a general labour code

The authors offer a contextualized analysis of judicial decisions rendered during 1971–2013 in Côte d'Ivoire, where domestic work is regulated by a general labour code. Assessments of those decisions, alongside qualitative interviews of institutional actors, elucidate how innovative practices were mainly derived from the code by attentive inspectors and by jurisprudence evolving to treat domestic work like any other. Yet limitations emanating from the inability to grapple with the specificity of domestic work are also identified. Reaffirming that the regulation of domestic work must embrace its duality (work like any other and work like no other), the authors conclude with a call for an international community of learning on decent work for domestic workers.     

The Career Decision‐Making Difficulties Questionnaire: A Case for Item‐Level Interpretation

The Career Decision‐Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ; Gati, Krausz, & Osipow, 1996) has long been demonstrated as a useful instrument for career counseling practice. Several case studies have demonstrated how and why using the CDDQ facilitates the career counseling process (e.g., Amir, Gati, & Kleiman, 2008; Gati & Levin, 2014; Levin & Gati, 2014). This study explores how an in‐depth analysis of a case study conducted at the item level can provide career counselors with a richer understanding of their clients’ needs. The case study also emphasizes how administering and providing feedback on the CDDQ in career counseling sessions is likely to foster working alliances. The study concludes by presenting an intervention map based on the CDDQ taxonomy.     

High value manufacturing (HVM) in the UK: case studies and focus group insights

This paper studies the internal mechanisms that allow organisations to become high value manufacturing (HVM). Using a qualitative methodology, three UK manufacturing companies formed in-depth case studies with semi-structured interviews, observations and historical data. The HVM value matrix of Martinez and co-workers is used to categorise each organisation’s value proposition. Wider benchmarking of the three organisations was carried out against a focus group with an additional seven manufacturing organisations. Thus, data from 10 manufacturing organisations are included in this research. The cases follow the ‘customer intimacy’ HVM discipline. The business processes supporting these value propositions were identified. Interestingly, each organisation’s desired value proposition differs from their current one. ‘Technological integrators’ predominantly rely on new product development (NPD) and Strategy processes, whereas ‘Socialisors’ rely predominantly on Strategy and Customer Relationship processes. Companies can use the findings to better understand their current HVM value proposition and, where necessary, plan their transition to a future desired HVM value proposition.     

考虑风险规避的秘书问题求解的一个启发式方法

秘书问题是一类序贯观察与选择问题,描述了动态的信息搜索与决策过程.针对现有的以寻找满意解为目标的启发式方法存在诸多局限,提出了新的启发式方法,该方法基于当前观测中侯选项在已观察侯选项中的相对排名、待观测侯选项数量以及决策者的抱负水平,决策者可以通过设定抱负水平灵活决定该启发式方法的结果导向.推导了该启发式方法的性能指标,并通过仿真的方法与已有启发式方法的性能进行了比较.结果发现,该启发式方法在最终选择的侯选项的期望排名和稳定性,以及风险解的避免上均优于已有的启发式方法.     

哪些创业失败者更可能卷土重来?———基于松 － 紧文化与制度环境的跨国比较研究

高失败率是创业热潮中创业者必须面对的基本事实.创业失败在为创业者带来大量情绪与财务成本的同时,也提供了独特的学习经验.如何激活创业失败者卷土重来的激情是降低创业社会成本的关键.文章整合组织学习和创业认知理论构建了统一的创业失败学习理论逻辑,结合全球创业观察(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor)、世界银行和松-紧文化3个跨国数据库,考察了不同国家文化与制度环境下不同性别个体的创业失败经历对其创业选择的影响.研究发现:与没有失败经历的个体相比,有创业失败经历的个体更可能选择创业;高宽松度的国家文化、好的制度环境分别强化了这一关系;性别与文化宽松度对这一关系有显著的三重调节效应.即在高宽松度的国家文化下,有创业失败经历的女性创业者再次创业的概率更高.将性别角色差异纳入到创业失败的分析框架中,同时也扩展了创业失败的文化与制度分析.     

沉默权制度应予确立

沉默权是无罪推定的核心内容,是保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的正当权利,实现司法公正的重要体现。根据沉默权的起源、发展的历程,借鉴国际社会采用沉默权制度的经验,分析法学界对沉默权的不同观点和态度,结合我国的国情和司法实践,所得结论是应当在我国确立沉默权制度,以推进我国的法治建设,体现人权保障和人文关怀。同时,对沉默权制度不可照抄照搬,盲目采用,而应充分考虑我国的国情和司法实践,创立有中国特色的沉默权制度,从而构建社会主义和谐社会。     

房地产开发项目三阶段投资决策的实物期权模型研究

房地产开发项目一般包括土地所有权的获得、建筑和销售三个阶段,对于其投资决策,传统的NPV法无法正确地评价管理的柔性价值。文章引入实物期权理论,指出实物期权是对实物投资的选择权,对于房地产开发项目,当每一阶段完成后,即拥有了对后续阶段的投资期权。针对企业投资房地产开发项目的三阶段决策建立了相应的实物期权模型,并给出了每一阶段的期权价值以及最佳投资点的临界价格。     

高等学校专业设置工作刍议

当前,在大规模扩招和扩大办学自主权的背景下,高等学校专业设置的重要性越来越凸现。为切实做好高等学校的专业设置工作,避免盲目性与随意性,需要转变观念,充分论证,组织力量进行“前端设计”;加强科学性与民主性的决策,充分发挥学术权力作用,并正确运用行政权力;同时,在按设计方案进行操作中,要以专业设置工作贯穿于其它各项工作之中进行。     

个体决策非理性行为的实验验证

前景理论对基于个体理性的期望效用最大化决策原则提出了批判,该理论认为,不确定性条件下的个体决策存在框架效应、参考点和确定性效应等非理性行为。对120名大学生实验参加者进行了实验室实验,实验结果表明,不确定性条件下的个体决策存在风险态度的差异,这种差异表明个体的决策过程并不单纯是由期望效用所驱使,还受多种心理因素的影响,实验结果验证了个体决策过程中框架效应、参考点和确定性效应等非理性心理特征的存在。     

司法裁判的行政决策模式——对中国法院“司法行政化”现象的重新考察

经过近十年的司法改革,中国法院始终没有摒弃那种通过行政审批来进行司法决策的惯常作法。这既造成审理权与裁判权的分离,也使得合议制度变得难以实施。这种司法裁判的行政审批机制之所以盛行不衰,首先是因为法院普遍存在着司法裁判职能与司法行政管理职能的混淆问题,使得具有较高行政级别的司法官员难以与普通法官平等地行使司法裁判权。另一个原因则是在现行司法程序中没有建立一种"通过诉权来制约司法裁判权"的机制,使得控辩双方无法对法官的裁判权产生有效的制约。