基于HLM模型的中国商业银行规模效率研究

效率是经济学研究的核心问题,如何提高商业银行效率、提升其核心竞争力,是近年来国际金融界及银行管理部门研究的重点课题。构建多层线性发展模型,对中国商业银行规模效率影响因素进行分析。实证结果表明：资本收益率、资产收益率、不良贷款率、资本积累率等财务指标对中国商业银行规模效率的提高存在显著的影响;人均利润率、营业费用率和流动比率与银行规模效率的斜率无直接关系。同时结合中国商业银行经营发展的现状,提出提高中国商业银行规模效率的相关政策建议。     

A Flexible Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling Technique for Risk Analysis of Major Accidents

Safety analysis of rare events with potentially catastrophic consequences is challenged by data scarcity and uncertainty. Traditional causation‐based approaches, such as fault tree and event tree (used to model rare event), suffer from a number of weaknesses. These include the static structure of the event causation, lack of event occurrence data, and need for reliable prior information. In this study, a new hierarchical Bayesian modeling based technique is proposed to overcome these drawbacks. The proposed technique can be used as a flexible technique for risk analysis of major accidents. It enables both forward and backward analysis in quantitative reasoning and the treatment of interdependence among the model parameters. Source‐to‐source variability in data sources is also taken into account through a robust probabilistic safety analysis. The applicability of the proposed technique has been demonstrated through a case study in marine and offshore industry.     

Robustly Collusion‐Proof Implementation

A contract with multiple agents may be susceptible to collusion. We show that agents' collusion imposes no cost in a large class of circumstances with risk neutral agents, including both uncorrelated and correlated types. In those circumstances, any payoff the principal can attain in the absence of collusion, including the second‐best level, can be attained in the presence of collusion in a way robust to many aspects of collusion behavior. The collusion‐proof implementation generalizes to a setting in which only a subset of agents may collude, provided that noncollusive agents' incentives can be protected via an ex post incentive compatible and ex post individually rational mechanism. Our collusion‐proof implementation also sheds light on the extent to which hierarchical delegation of contracts can optimally respond to collusion.     

文化因素对于翻译的制约及译作的文化失真与保真

探讨“归化”与“异化”二论对文化信息处理的态度及文学作品中文化因素可译度问题 ,提出了译者对原作在文化内容方面的最大保真度的几条途径     

企业持续改进能力的组织与运作——贵州省企业与全球企业之比较分析

主要采用主成分分析方法,综合主成分分析方法和系统聚类方法等多元统计中的数据处理手段,对全球可持续创新网络(CInet)于2004年组织调查的全球近500家企业所得数据进行分析。通过贵州省企业与全球其他国家的比较,发现在企业持续改进能力的组织与运作方面,贵州省企业与全球其他国家之间存在较大差异。为寻找造成这些差异的原因,采用综合主成分分析方法和系统聚类方法,建立了在持续改进的组织与运作方面能力强的目标企业群。然后通过贵州省企业与目标企业之间在企业组织与运作构成因子的对比分析,指出了贵州省企业在持续改进的组织与运作中所存在的问题,进而对贵州省企业提出了相应改进的建议及其对策。其中,目标企业的选取及其创新能力检验、数据表缺省项的填充方法、在分析数据时所采用的因子对比分析方法等对其他大型调研数据分析均具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Pointwise and functional approximations in Monte Carlo maximum likelihood estimation

We consider the use of Monte Carlo methods to obtain maximum likelihood estimates for random effects models and distinguish between the pointwise and functional approaches. We explore the relationship between the two approaches and compare them with the EM algorithm. The functional approach is more ambitious but the approximation is local in nature which we demonstrate graphically using two simple examples. A remedy is to obtain successively better approximations of the relative likelihood function near the true maximum likelihood estimate. To save computing time, we use only one Newton iteration to approximate the maximiser of each Monte Carlo likelihood and show that this is equivalent to the pointwise approach. The procedure is applied to fit a latent process model to a set of polio incidence data. The paper ends by a comparison between the marginal likelihood and the recently proposed hierarchical likelihood which avoids integration altogether.     

文化差异与翻译的求同存异

语言和文化两者密不可分,相互依存。同样的词语在不同的历史、文化和习俗背景下所产生的语义和效果不同。要学好英语,就要了解英语产生的社会文化背景,了解中外文化差异;翻译中教会学生从文化内涵来分析并理解作品,处理好文化差异中的求同存异。文中简述了后现代语境下的文化与翻译以及几种常见的翻译方法。     

可持续发展观下高校财务分级管理模式的构建

在分析当前构建高校财务分级管理模式的意义的同时,结合实证研究提出了高校分级财务管理模式构建的步骤.并对当前高校财务管理模式进行了评析,构建了以全面预算为中心、以信息一体化为平台、以资金集中动态控制为手段、以强化财经工作领导职能,制定分级管理财务制度为保障的创新型的高校财务分级管理模式.     

中国民族间发展的多重差异格局与差别化、协同性政策开发研究——论中国民族关系的新形态与民族政策的新体系

After 60 years of implementation, the ethnic regional autonomous policy has provided basic political support for promoting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Especially since the period of “Reform and Open-ing Up” began, the national preferential policies and support for ethnic minority areas gradually in-creased, and economic and social development in the ethnic minority areas clearly speeded up. Ac-cording to official statistics, after more than 30 years of “Reform and Opening Up”, the economic growth rate of China’s ethnic minority areas is high-er than the national average. However, at the same time , the economic and social development gap be-tween different ethnic groups has become more and more pronounced. The development of the ethnic groups has created a structure of multiple dispari-ties, which fundamentally restricts ethnic unity, as well as political and social stability in ethnic areas of China. This structure of multiple disparities re-flects the imbalances mainly in four aspects: 1 ) the ongoing large gap between the ethnic minority areas and Han Chinese regions remains; 2 ) the unequal economic and social development among the various ethnic minority people has expanded;3 ) the economic gap within the same ethnic minor-ity autonomous region has gradually become more pronounced;and, 4 ) the differences in develop-ment within the same ethnic group who live in vari-ous regions of China are also very obvious. The multiple inequalities of the economic and social development of China’s ethnic groups add more complexity to the ethnic problems of China. The disparity in economic and social development between different ethnic groups is not only an eco-nomic problem, but is also a significant political issue. Hence, promoting a balanced economic and social development among the various ethnic groups has a very obvious practical significance for main-taining ethnic unity, promoting national integra-tion, and maintaining national stability . Based on the discussion above, this article mainly explores which kind of ethnic policy can ef-fectively resolve the multiple disparities found with-in ethnic development and is beneficial for promo-ting the integration of the various ethnic groups in China? On the basis of summarizing and reviewing approaches found in earlier research, the author puts forward the following core ideas:1 ) The economic and social development differences of various ethnic groups have formed a pattern of multiple disparities in China, and it is no longer simply a gap between the Han and ethnic minorities. Since the implementation of the “Re-form and Opening Up” policy, the differentiation or disparity between China’s ethnic minorities has become more and more pronounced—this phenom-enon constitutes a new challenge to China’s ethnic unity and national unification. Therefore, we must adjust ethnic policy in order to solve the “true problem” or “new problem” concerning China’s ethnic problem. 2 ) The multi-faceted disparities found in the economic and social development among China’s ethnic minorities result from many factors, inclu-ding institutional, policy, historical, geographical, cultural, and psychological. Therefore, we must realize a diversity of ethnic policy, and build a comprehensive ethnic policy system. 3 ) For the purpose of realizing the integration and state construction of the ethnic groups, in ad-dition to implementing the current policy of differ-entiation, we must also ensure a “four balanced and coordinated development”. This includes a balance between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas, a balance among the various ethnic minori-ties themselves, a balance within the same ethnic minority areas, and a balance within the same eth-nic group who live in different areas. This requires the central government to strengthen a double dif-ferentiation and collaborative orientation of ethnic policies concerning the market, labor, resources, technology, and capital.     

高校体育学分制管理模式的研究

对高校体育教育现状进行分析研究 ,阐明实施学分制的意义和作用 ,确立学分制评价模式并结合学分制管理模式特点 ,确立教师择优竞争上岗、学生自主选课、选择教师的管理机制 ,并提出适合高校实际情况的体育课分级评价、管理 ,分级教学和课内外一体化的教学模式改革设想。