Suggestive Selling by Waitstaff in Family-Style Restaurants

Two studies were carried out in family-style restaurants to increase suggestive selling by waitstaff and to assess some of the natural contingencies that may influence suggestive selling. In the first study a combination of goal setting, feedback, and positive reinforcement was presented to waitstaff for suggestive selling of cocktails, appetizers, and desserts. Increases were not uniform across the three categories with desserts showing the greatest increase. The second study was designed to assess some of the possible controlling variables for selling by observing when waitstaff typically suggested cocktails, appetizers, and desserts in over 50 restaurants. Suggestions were more probable after dinner than after lunch and waitstaff were more likely to suggest dessert when the restaurant was not crowded than when it was full and busy. Suggestive selling appears to differ across individual waitstaff and may be differentially reinforced during non-peak times during the day.     

Is “Generic Utility Theory” a Suitable Theory of Choice Behavior for Gambles with Mixed Gains and Losses?

Miyamoto's (1988, 1992) generic utility theory (GUT) subsumes a broad class of bilinear utility models. Chechile and Cooke (1997) tested the GUT class of models and found model failure due to the systematic variation of a parameter that should be a positive constant across a range of contexts. In the current study, an improved experimental design is employed to evaluate utility theory. The current study provides further evidence against the GUT class of models for mixed gambles. Moreover, evidence is also provided to demonstrate individual behavior that is incompatible with a coherent bilinear utility theory of choice behavior in the context of mixed gambles with gains and losses.     

舞台艺术与政府行为

舞台艺术既有启迪教化的社会功能 ,又离不开政治、政府 ,她是大众的文化。娱乐舞台也是社会动员的有力武器 ,需要政府宏观调控。新中国成立以来 ,我国的艺术管理体制在文艺为人民服务、为社会主义服务 ,为满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需要 ,提高民族素质 ,促进经济发展和社会进步方面做出了巨大贡献。但同时也存在着不可回避的一些弊端 ,这些弊端既影响文化社会功能的发挥 ,也影响艺术本身的繁荣。面对社会主义市场经济 ,需要进一步推进舞台艺术的管理和制度创新。在这种创新的过程中 ,要做到改善党的领导与优化政府行为 ,做到交易成本最小化 ,实行资产重组和强强联合 ,使艺术团体成为适应市场经济的法人实体和有效率的市场经营主体 ,同时要努力实现社会公平与效率的制度化     

Ethnic Helping and Group Identity: A Study among Majority Group Children

Two vignette studies were conducted on children's evaluations of ethnic helping. In the first study, 272 native Dutch children (mean age = 10.7) evaluated a child who refused to help in an intra‐group context (Dutch–Dutch or Turkish–Turkish) or inter‐group context (Dutch–Turkish or Turkish–Dutch). Children evaluated not helping in intra‐group situations more negatively than not helping in inter‐group situations. This suggests that they applied a general moral norm of group loyalty that states that children should help peers of their own group. In the second study, 830 children (mean age = 10.7) read the same vignettes after their ethnic group membership was made salient. In the inter‐group contexts, children who strongly identified with their ethnic group evaluated an out‐group member not helping an in‐group member more negatively than vice versa. Thus, when ethnic identity was salient, children tended to focus more on group identity rather than on the principle of group loyalty.     

An Extension of the Effects of Praising Positive Qualifying Autoclitics on the Frequency of Reading

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - In the current study, we reinforced tacts with positive qualifying autoclitics for reading and evaluated the subsequent effect on the allocation of reading...     

河南省居民消费行为研究

近年来,消费成为拉动我国经济增长的重要抓手。拉动消费,推动人民生活水平提高,不仅是社会主义现代化建设的要求,也是经济发展的内在需要。立足于河南省现状,通过实证检验,发现人均可支配收入和物价水平是影响河南省社会消费品零售总额的主要因素,利率因素和房地产价格上涨所带来的收入效应对消费的影响还不显著,最后有针对性地提出相关政策建议。     

Balancing the balance: Self-control mechanisms and compulsive buying

Previous research has mainly focused on identifying why compulsive buyers engage in excessive buying, while their attempts to control problematic buying behavior have largely been ignored. The present research examines the self-control attempts of compulsive buyers. Study 1 uses qualitative in-depth interviews to provide initial insights into the self-control attempts of compulsive buyers. Study 2 adopts a quantitative survey approach, and examines how prudent and compulsive buyers differ in their self-control attempts. The studies demonstrate that compulsive buyers engage in self-control, but differ from prudent buyers in how they apply self-control measures. These differences have implications for interventions that aim to enhance the success of compulsive buyers’ self-control.     

论大学生政治心理诸因素

大学生政治社会化的过程是政治人格的形成过程,也是多种政治心理因素协调发展、有机结合的过程。本文详细论述了大学生政治心理诸要素及其之间的关系。     

哈贝马斯沟通行动理论对实证主义的批判

在论述了哈贝马斯沟通行动理论的概念、特征等基本内容的基础上,本文从真理观、逻辑模式等几个方面分析了该理论对实证主义研究方法论的批判,并且指出了哈贝马斯沟通行动理论本身存在的问题和缺陷.     

晚明狂禅思潮中特立行为方式的思想史意义

晚明的狂禅思潮,除了思想学术方面与众不同之外,在行为方式方面也展示出了独特性,与他们的思想学说相辉映.这种特立行为方式的背后,昭示了当时思想史背景下的思想史意义,狂禅派人物将禅宗的反抗传统的精神引入他们的学说之中,摆脱程朱理学僵化教条的束缚和限制,反对假道学,追求个人内心的良知和体悟,不以前人的是非为是非.