Exploiting one’s power with a guilty conscience: An experimental investigation of self-serving biases

In our experimental investigation powerful managers use their discretion power to their own advantage and admit that their behavior is unfair. This contradicts studies stressing self-serving biases. Self-serving biases are often identified by asking people what fairness standards apply in situations with alternative income distributions. Nevertheless, when the response to a question is connected with a distributional decision, only the reply, but not necessarily the fairness standard, is biased. Social preference models envisage decisions as a compromise between self-interest and social concerns (norms). A model-based estimation of social concerns, as provided by this paper, is capable of identifying different sorts of self-serving biases. Higher income triggers higher fairness scores, but there are no indications that a relatively higher income compared to the peers is generally perceived as fairer than a relatively lower income.     

Exploring the underpinnings of impaired strategic decision-making under stress

The present study sought to examine the underpinnings of impaired strategic decision-making under stress. In contrast to previous laboratory-based research, we conducted a quasi-experiment in a real life stress situation. Specifically, we used the beauty contest game and compared the performance of a group of participants who were exposed to a real-life stressor (waiting to attend an exam at a university class) with a control group of participants who were not exposed to stress (waiting to attend a regular lecture at a university class). Furthermore, about half of the participants were instructed to write down what they believed another participant had assumed the average number in the beauty contest game to be and which target number she (or he) had chosen accordingly. The results showed that stress impaired strategic reasoning in the beauty contest game. Importantly, even when only including participants who understood the rules of the game in the analyses, stress still increased the numbers chosen in the beauty contest. Furthermore, we found that participants in the stress condition were significantly less likely to base their chosen number on their belief about other players’ choices. Hence, stress not only impairs understanding of the math behind the beauty contest game but also the degree of strategizing per se.     

“统合治理”： 地方政府经营行为的一种理论解释

“统合治理”是指地方政府在城市化过程中利用公司化平台进行经营性运作的治理模式。“统合治理”模式下,政治机制、行政机制与公司化经营机制的联结成为地方政府权力运行模式的主要特征,项目平台公司成为承载权力运行的典型组织化治理工具,并进而实现了外部资源汲取能力的提升及内部资源整合能力的强化这两方面的权力扩张。我国地方政府普遍采用“统合治理”模式推动开发区建设和城市基础设施建设,并取得了显著绩效。但这种治理模式也面临着权力冲突与合法性问题,其未来走向取决于地方政府在集权权力结构下对中央绩效压力回应策略的选择。     

从生育行为看农村妇女的家庭地位——基于江西X村的研究

通过对农村妇女生育行为及其家庭地位的个案访谈,发现从农村妇女的生育行为,主要是生育孩子的数量和性别,已经无法准确判断她们的家庭地位.即生育行为与妇女的家庭地位之间的联系正在弱化甚至消失,取而代之的是包括妇女的性别意识、经济独立性、知识水平等多方面因素.因此,提高农村妇女家庭地位的途径也变得多样化,其中,增强农村女性自身素质显得尤为重要.     

Disasters,donations, and tax law changes: Disentangling effects on subjective well-being by exploiting a natural experiment

This study investigates (i) whether an increase in donations in the aftermath of disasters can mitigate the negative effects on subjective well-being (SWB), and if so, (ii) whether policy measures, such as tax law changes, can amplify this mitigating effect by providing further incentives for donations. To analyze these questions, we use data on the recent, impactful triple disaster on March 11, 2011 in Japan (3–11). Coincidentally, only three months after the disaster, a long-planned change in tax law was put into effect that allows higher tax deductions for charitable donations. Applying a moderated mediation analysis to a unique dataset, we are able to disentangle the total rise of donations into positive effects that are caused by the disaster itself and positive effects that are caused by the recent change in the Japanese tax law. The results of our study are as follows: First, we show that about 30% of the direct negative effect of 3–11 on SWB is mediated and mitigated by donations. Second, we show that the change in taxation law could have further mitigated the negative SWB effects of 3–11, if more people had been aware of it. However, since a large majority of the Japanese public had not even been aware of the tax law change, potential mitigating effects by increased donations have not been realized. As for policy implications, our results show that governments can create incentives for donations that not only support disaster reconstruction, but also mitigate the negative SWB effects of disasters.     

引入总部监督对内部资本市场效率的影响

内部资本市场的运作效率在一定程度上决定了企业集团优势的发挥。企业总部依据分部经理提供的私人信息,通过内部资本市场(ICM)对资金进行重新配置,而利己的分部经理会利用自身的信息优势,通过实施机会主义行为干扰总部的配置决策,因此分部经理的这种异化行为是影响ICM配置效率的关键因素。已有文献的研究主要集中在总部如何设计对分部经理的激励机制上,而较少关注监督对分部经理投机行为的影响。本文引入总部监督机制,考虑分部经理情绪敏感性因素,建立总部监督与分部经理行为之间的博弈模型,认为总部监督可以降低信息租金的支付,部分替代激励功能;总部监督可能造成分部经理消极怠工和出工不出力等现象,导致资金产出折损,即存在"负激励"效应;"替代"效应、监督成本效应与"负激励"效应共同决定ICM效率。     

90后大学生思想行为特点与教育对策刍议

90后大学生成长于改革开放、经济社会和信息化迅猛发展,结构调整和社会急剧转型时期,价值观念、人际交往、消费方式都发生了巨大的变化,90后身上有着鲜明的时代特点,给高校的教育带来了极大的挑战。坚持以社会主义核心价值观为引领,把握大学生发展大方向;坚持显性教育与隐性教育的有机结合,营造潜移默化的教育氛围;坚持以人为本的教育理念,重视大学生的主体地位和判断能力;坚持以社会实践活动为载体,培养大学生社会责任感和团队合作精神,方能促进大学生成长成才。     

在线评论情感倾向的影响效应及管理措施

为了形成一个统一的研究框架,综合国内外多年的研究结果,提出了一个在线评论情感倾向的研究整合模型,更好地展现了在线评论情感倾向的前导因素、结果因素和调节因素的研究成果,并基于负面评论对购买决策的“强”影响效应,从商家的营销管理角度,对在线评论情感倾向的管理措施研究进行了归纳总结。此外,给出了目前研究在研究方法成熟性、研究内容深入性和研究成果实践性等方面的不足和进一步的研究方向。     

雇主品牌对消费者购买行为影响的实证研究

以华硕公司为研究对象,收集202份有效问卷,通过运用SPSS 17.0对雇主品牌竞争力评估和消费者行为进行方差分析,探索雇主品牌对内、外部消费者购买行为的影响。研究结果表明:雇主品牌对外部消费者在重复购买、推荐购买和购买意向方面均具有显著影响;而对于内部消费者,仅在推荐购买和购买意向方面具有显著效应。在营销实践中,企业可以通过履行和传播社会责任、改善员工薪酬和培育优秀企业文化等策略,提升雇主品牌形象,从而提高长期的品牌资产,获得消费者心灵市场份额。     

论道德行为选择中的自由与责任

在当代世界经济一体化,价值多元化的冲击下,各种各样的道德观念渗透到社会生活的各个层面。本文以道德行为选择中的自由与责任为重点,浅析影响道德主体进行自由选择的主体因素及客观选择的现实因素,加强道德行为选择的制度保障和在道德实践中践行社会主义核心价值观,提高人们的道德行为选择能力,进一步化解道德行为选择中自由与责任的冲突。