义乌模式的政府行为、企业理性与个体偏好

“义乌模式”一直受人们关注。阐释“义乌模式”的内涵与义乌小商品市场的本质特征、分析义乌市场发展过程中政府作用,并就义乌中国小商品城的独特发展路径与竞争优势进行多面解读的结果表明,科学发展规划要尊重市场规律和本地比较优势,体制创新源于发展中面临的障碍,持久的竞争优势有赖于连贯的发展政策和稳定的经营环境,松紧适度的政企关系是保证市场稳定而高效的关键。     

对中国修辞学发展问题的几点思考

多学科交融已成国际修辞学,包括中国修辞学在内的重要发展趋势.如何在多学科交融之中发展中国的修辞学值得思考的问题有很多,其中修辞学研究的基点问题和拓宽与拓深问题尤其重要.就修辞学研究的基点而言,应以语言、语言运用为立足点,以表达为立足点.就修辞学研究的拓宽与拓深而言,应着力研究修辞行为和修辞效果.     

社会改革的实践范例及其方式选择

社会改革是社会变革的重要形式与途径,其作为一种社会实践在人类历史上呈现出一种常态性的存在;作为一种社会运动,是具有目标性、选择性的政治行为;作为一种模式与战略,具有建构主义的设计与选择特性;作为一种社会存在,与社会的思想观念具有内在的辩证关系。     

Acting for Happiness: Financial Behavior and Life Satisfaction of College Students

Recent research on well-being suggests that domain-specific behaviors contribute to domain-specific satisfactions, which in turn contribute to an individual’s overall satisfaction with life. Our study is an attempt to add to the literature by observing these phenomena from a financial perspective. Using data collected from a sample of undergraduate students at a major state university in the U.S. and employing structural equation modeling, we have found evidence suggesting that positive financial behaviors contribute to financial satisfaction and financial satisfaction in turn contributes to life satisfaction. In addition, positive financial behaviors contribute to life satisfaction through two more mediating variables: academic performance and academic satisfaction.     

论城市界面下回族女性婚姻观念和行为的变迁

目前,中国正在进行着一场深入的变革.在这场变革中强调的是观念和制度的调适,构建的是积极现代的人际互动模式.不可否认,现代化的冲击和裹挟给生活在城市中的回族女性带来了巨大的利益和信息.但是必须看到任何现代化的构建和前进都有诸多非现代化的制约因素.对于回族来说,这一承载着太多宗教与传统因素的民族.它的发展与进步也是在现代化的转型中进行着潜移默化的调适.笔者正是把对城市回族女性婚姻观念和行为的研究放置在这一大的时代背景之下,主要探讨回族女性在现代化背景下婚姻观念行为的调适与变迁.     

Effects of differential reinforcement and rules with feedback on preference for choice and verbal reports

We evaluated the effects of differential reinforcement and accurate verbal rules with feedback on the preference for choice and the verbal reports of 6 adults. Participants earned points on a probabilistic schedule by completing the terminal links of a concurrent-chains arrangement in a computer-based game of chance. In free-choice terminal links, participants selected 3 numbers from an 8-number array; in restricted-choice terminal links participants selected the order of 3 numbers preselected by a computer program. A pop-up box then informed the participants if the numbers they selected or ordered matched or did not match numbers generated by the computer but not displayed; matching in a trial resulted in one point earned. In baseline sessions, schedules of reinforcement were equal across free- and restricted-choice arrangements and a running tally of points earned was shown each trial. The effects of differentially reinforcing restricted-choice selections were evaluated using a reversal design. For 4 participants, the effects of providing a running tally of points won by arrangement and verbal rules regarding the schedule of reinforcement were also evaluated using a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline-across-participants design. Results varied across participants but generally demonstrated that (a) preference for choice corresponded more closely to verbal reports of the odds of winning than to reinforcement schedules, (b) rules and feedback were correlated with more accurate verbal reports, and (c) preference for choice corresponded more highly to the relative number of reinforcements obtained across free- and restricted-choice arrangements in a session than to the obtained probability of reinforcement or to verbal reports of the odds of winning.     

政府行为适应市场化视角下的河北经济强省思路

政府行为适应市场化是推动省域经济增长的重要动力.作为国家改革与发展战略的重要组成部分,河北省经济发展应当是政府指导下的市场化进程.本文通过对制约河北省市场化进程的政府行为因素进行分析,认为河北建设沿海经济社会发展强省,应当进一步转变地方政府行为方式,以适应市场化的手段来推动省域经济发展.     

高等教育消费的理论基础

高等教育消费的理论基础有消费者行为理论、人力资本理论和高等教育成本分担理论。高等教育消费是公众的一种消费行为;是一种人力资本投资,使投资者在更大程度上获得经济收益。我国高等学校的收费制度基本上是按院校的人均教育成本及学费在整个教育成本中所占的比重来决定。     

不同文化背景下的非语言行为

非语言行为是人际交流的重要手段。不同的国家、民族的非语言行为具有独特的文化内涵。非语言行为有五大特点：普遍性、重要性、真实性、差异性、可控性。文化约束力对非语言行为有着重要的影响。     

The Effects of Contingent Caregiver Imitation of Infant Vocalizations: a Comparison of Multiple Caregivers

The present study replicated and extended the Pelaez et al. (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 44:33–40, 2011) study, which examined the reinforcing effects of mothers’ contingent imitation of their infants’ vocalizations. Three infants aged 7–12 months who could vocalize sounds but not words participated with two caregivers for each infant (i.e., triads). During the intervention phase, the caregivers were asked to immediately imitate all vocalizations emitted by the child for a 3-min period. During the yoked control phase, the caregivers listened to an audio recording from the preceding condition and provided vocalizations non-contingently on the infants’ responses. The procedures yielded different results across participants; one infant emitted a higher frequency of vocalizations during the contingent imitation phases over the control phases, and the other two infants showed higher rates of responding during the control phases. However, all infants emitted more imitative return vocalizations during contingent reinforcement conditions compared with the yoked control condition.