从丧葬仪式看布依族的生死观——以关岭布依族为例

布依族的观念中,人虽然死了,但其灵魂依然活着,它将在竹神的引导下进入另一个世界中继续生存。在布依族的丧葬过程中,处处都体现了布依族关于死后生活的遐想,充分地体现了布依族关于生与死的观念。就布依族丧葬而言,其中的栽“龙戈”和“赶鬼场”两个环节,展现了布依族与众不同的灵魂不死和死后生活的遐想。整个仪式过程,通过人与灵的沟通,把死者的灵魂送入了灵界。从这个意义上说,鬼魂崇拜、灵魂不死体现了布依族对死的沉淀和关照。     

死刑的司法限制及我国死刑政策反思

废除死刑虽是社会发展的最终趋势,但我国不具备在短期内废除死刑的条件。我国当前死刑政策的基本模式应当是:立法保留、司法限制。     

数字素养是乡村生活数字化转型的驱动力吗?——基于山东省1 037位农村居民的调研数据

从数字技术应用素养、数字内容社交素养、数字媒体创新素养和数字安全保护素养4个维度构建农村居民数字素养评价指标体系,探讨数字素养对农村居民数字生活参与的影响效应和作用机制。研究发现,农村居民数字素养总体偏低。数字素养显著正向影响农村居民数字消费、数字文娱、数字出行、数字教育、数字医疗和数字生活参与度。社会网络、社会学习和自我效能感在上述影响中发挥部分中介作用,并且对不同领域数字生活的影响有较显著差异。进一步研究发现,数字素养通过强弱社会关系网络对农村居民各领域数字生活影响存在差异,尤其是弱关系网络对参与复杂数字生活有显著影响。据此提出建立健全数字教育培育体系,提高农村居民自我效能感,统筹协调强、弱社会网络,提升社会学习能力等对策建议。     

Discount Rates in Risk Versus Money and Money Versus Money Tradeoffs

We use data from a survey of residents of five Italian cities conducted in late spring 2004 to estimate the discount rates implicit in (1) money versus future risk reductions and (2) money versus money tradeoffs. We find that the mean personal discount rate is 0.3-1.7% in (1) and 8.7% in (2). The latter is lower than the discount rates estimated in comparable situations in many recent studies, greater than market interest rates in Italy at the time, and exhibits modest variation with age and gender. The discount rate implicit in money versus risk tradeoffs is within the range of estimates from studies in the United States and Europe, and does not depend on observable individual characteristics. We use split samples to investigate whether a completely abstract risk reduction - one where the risk reduction delivery has been stripped of all specifics, so that respondents should focus on the risks without being distracted by details - results in WTP and discount figures comparable to those from an identified delivery mechanism (a medical test). We find that while WTP for an immediate risk reduction is 42-73% higher with the abstract risk reduction, the discount rate in the money versus risk tradeoffs and the variance of the error term in the WTP equation are the same across the two variants of the questionnaire.     

网络环境下平台企业的运营策略研究

平台企业在网络环境下发生了深刻的变革,选取恰当的视角研究它的运营策略是个重要的科学问题.以平台生态圈的实际规模、期望规模及时间为参数,构建平台生态圈生命周期曲线,通过识别关键节点将曲线分为若干发展阶段,平台生态圈的规模、网络效应、发展模式在各阶段中体现出不同的特征,这些特征为平台企业制定运营策略提供了依据.总体上讲,当平台企业无法充分利用网络效应时,应依托各种“非网络效应诱因”吸引用户进入生态圈,不断激发网络效应;反之,则应充分利用网络效应,迅速扩张规模,同时解决成长中暴露出的问题,优化成长方式.构建了平台企业运营策略的理论框架,深化了平台生态圈生命周期理论,对网络环境下的平台企业进行自我诊断、制定运营策略具有指导意义.     

Measuring longevity achievements under welfare interdependencies: a case for joint life expectancy indicators

Whereas period life expectancy constitutes an intuitive indicator of the survival conditions prevailing at a particular period, this paper argues that, given the existence of welfare interdependencies, that widespread indicator is nonetheless an incomplete measure of the longevity achievements relevant for human well-being. The central importance of coexistence for human-beings implies that usual life expectancy measures should be complemented by joint life expectancy indicators, which measure the average coexistence time under particular survival conditions. After a study of the theoretical foundations of ‘single’ and ‘joint’ life expectancy indicators, it is shown that joint life expectancy measures tend to enrich significantly the comparison of longevity achievements across countries and periods. Moreover, the introduction of joint life expectancy indicators—as a complement to conventional life expectancy measures—into multi-variable indexes such as the United Nations’ HDI is also shown to affect international rankings of standards of living to a non negligible extent.

还杨修之死本来面目

杨修死于帝位之争,而非曹操的屈才．《三国演义》发挥了《世浯》中杨修恃才逞能的一面,而略去帝位之争不提,是为了塑造奸雄曹操的性格特征,与史实并不符合．     

论日常生活和日常认识

日常生活是一种基础和本真的生活,它具有个人性、基础性、经验性、自发性和重复性等特点。日常认识是日常生活的一个有机组成部分,日常生活决定着日常认识,日常认识反过来又影响和制约着日常生活。和日常生活相适应,日常认识具有大众性、平凡性、直观性、表层性和不自觉性等特点。     

生活世界：人的自我生成之域

生活世界并非现代哲学的一个枝节性概念,而是其核心概念。它所代表的实际是一种世界观——生活世界观,是一种思维方式——生成性思维,是一种人的观念——人的生成观念。虽然同为生活世界观,但对于生活和生活世界,不同的现代哲学家有不同的理解。现代西方哲学家所说的生活只是指人的日常的精神生活,其生活世界仍然是一个抽象世界;而对于马克思来说,生活世界则是日常生活与非日常生活、物质生活与精神生活的统一,这才是人生活于其中的真正现实的生活世界。     

汉乐府民歌：生命的悲歌

在汉乐府民歌中,歌者倾诉了感慨时世的忧愤、遭遇孤独的悲愁;抒发了面对死亡的哀伤、生命脆弱的感叹;感人命难保,须及时行乐,觉求仙虚妄,当直面死亡。将对生的悲愁、对死的哀伤、对永恒的追寻,化作了一曲生命的悲歌。