考虑长期运力合同的班轮收益管理运输路径优化模型

基于收益管理的方法,文章对随机需求环境下班轮运力分配和路径优化问题进行了定量研究。首先针对海运收益管理的特征,建立了考虑长期运力合同、空箱调运的轮运力分配和路径选择随机规划模型,然后应用稳健优化方法对此模型进行求解。最后,通过数值仿真得到了优化的舱位分配方案,比较发现稳健优化模型取得了较确定性规划模型更好的收益,显示了模型和方法对于集装箱海运企业的收益管理问题具有应用价值。     

Pareto‐Improving Contracts for Express Package Delivery Services

We address the problem of an express package delivery company in structuring a long‐term customer contract whose terms may include prices that differ by day‐of‐week and by speed‐of‐service. The company traditionally offered speed‐of‐service pricing to its customers, but without day‐of‐week differentiation, resulting in customer demands with considerable day‐of‐week seasonality. The package delivery company hoped that using day‐of‐week and speed‐of‐service price differentiation for contract customers would induce these customers to adjust their demands to become counter‐cyclical to the non‐contract demand. Although this usually cannot be achieved by pricing alone, we devise an approach that utilizes day‐of‐week and speed‐of‐service pricing as an element of a Pareto‐improving contract. The contract provides the lowest‐cost arrangement for the package delivery company while ensuring that the customer is at least as well off as he would have been under the existing pricing structure. The contract pricing smoothes the package delivery company's demand and reduces peak requirements for transport capacity. The latter helps to decrease capital costs, which may allow a further price reduction for the customer. We formulate the pricing problem as a biconvex optimization model, and present a methodology for designing the contract and numerical examples that illustrate the achievable savings.     

Maritime Transportation Risk Assessment of Tianjin Port with Bayesian Belief Networks

This article develops a Bayesian belief network model for the prediction of accident consequences in the Tianjin port. The study starts with a statistical analysis of historical accident data of six years from 2008 to 2013. Then a Bayesian belief network is constructed to express the dependencies between the indicator variables and accident consequences. The statistics and expert knowledge are synthesized in the Bayesian belief network model to obtain the probability distribution of the consequences. By a sensitivity analysis, several indicator variables that have influence on the consequences are identified, including navigational area, ship type and time of the day. The results indicate that the consequences are most sensitive to the position where the accidents occurred, followed by time of day and ship length. The results also reflect that the navigational risk of the Tianjin port is at the acceptable level, despite that there is more room of improvement. These results can be used by the Maritime Safety Administration to take effective measures to enhance maritime safety in the Tianjin port.     

公路收费权价值确定及其转让的筹资作用

为研究公路收费权转让融资问题，运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法分析了确定公路收费权价值的收益现值法，并在此基础上对公路收费权转让的融资作用进行讨论。分析认为，采用收益现值法评估收费权价值是资产评估方法的理想选择；财务折现率的确定完全是交易双方讨价还价的结果；不规范行为或违规行为在一定程度上夸大了转让收费权的融资作用；如果严格执行国家有关规定，公路收费权转让的融资作用非常有限。     

国外水运建设资金筹措方式及其给我们的启示

文章对国外水运发达国家在航道、港口和船舶建设资金筹措方式上的相关经验与做法进行比较研究,并指出了这些经验与做法对我国水运建设资金筹措的启示.     

人力资本积累是改善民生的根本途径

“民惟邦本，本固邦宁。”这是《尚书》儒家治国理政思想的经典描述。民生问题连着国运，国运昌盛的重要指标是看老百姓的生活质量，为此，从以下角度阐述了几个问题：民生问题实质上是国民素质问题；提高素质、改善民生的根本途径是积累人力资本；改善民生必须先改进“民质”，积累人力资本必须优先发展教育。指出民生问题不仅仅是社会问题、经济问题，更是攸关国家兴衰的政治问题，必须加以重视。     

论日本国铁民营及其启示

本文从公共介入入手，分析交通运输业的公共性与公益性，认为就整个交通运输业而言，其公共性与公益性都存在，但并不意味每一类运输活动都带有公共性与公益性，它具有明显的时代特征；基此，阐述日本国铁民营的成败及经验教训，并对我国铁路运输业的改革方向作了探讨     

基于定价博弈的城际客运交通价格管制分析

针对城市群城际客运双头垄断市场寡头间可能采取的自由竞争和相互勾结这两种定价博弈可能,利用均衡理论和乘客出行广义费用模型,分析采取投资回报率管制和价格上限管制两种措施对城际客运交通结构的影响,能探讨城际客运交通价格管制策略,达到优化客运交通结构的目的。两种管制方法综合使用能鼓励有效投资,利于城际客运交通结构的优化。     

高速公路建设项目质量卓越绩效形成的动力系统分析

针对国内外高速公路建设项目质量问题的现状,结合高速公路的特性,提出了高速公路建设项目质量卓越绩效的概念,并给出其内涵,分析了影响质量卓越绩效形成的动力系统,从该动力系统中不同动力因素各自利益诉求的角度出发,对高速公路建设项目质量卓越绩效形成的动力传导机制进行逐一分析,以达到顺利实现质量目标的目的。最后对高速公路建设项目质量卓越绩效的形成做了一些现实意义的探讨。     

公路工程建设项目分包管理存在的问题与对策

针对我国公路工程建设项目合同在分包过程中存在的各种问题,本文主要从加强公路工程项目合同分包招投标制度建设,完善公路工程分包的计量结算程序,如何杜绝公路工程违法分包3个方面进行探讨,寻求发挥工程分包在公路工程发包中的优势,保证在发包过程中遵循公开、公正、公平原则,实现公路工程项目的正常开展.