我国交通行业社团发展的SWOT分析

为了合理地规划交通行业社团的发展,运用SWOT分析法,从优势、劣势、机会、威胁四个方面,对我国交通行业社团的内外部环境进行了分析,并提出相关的组合策略,从而促使交通社团扬长避短,完善自身功能,拓展发展空间,充分发挥对交通行业的促进作用,更好地为国民经济和社会发展服务。     

Risk Management for Hazardous Materials Transportation: A Local Study in Lyons

A probabilistic risk assessment study has been undertaken in the French city of Lyons. The issue was to know whether it was justified to forbid hazardous material lorries in the city center and to divert them through the suburbs. Therefore, two routes, the City Center route and the Suburban route were compared. This paper describes the analysis and shows how the results were used in the decision-making process. It also lists the difficulties that are encountered when trying to incorporate formal risk analysis into actual decision-making processes. The risk analysis showed that rerouting is an effective option with respect to all criteria. The mathematical expectation of the number of deaths is divided by three, the reduction on the annual frequency of catastrophic accidents is even more important (about one order of magnitude for accidents involving more than 50 deaths). The spatial analysis proved that the risk was more evenly distributed along the Suburban route. However, the annual expected number of death is low: 0.5 in the worst case. So traditional decision-making approaches do not indicate the necessity of rerouting. Such a situation is believed to be typical for risk management of major hazards. In Lyons, the use of a very small risk aversion factor is sufficient to justify the rerouting option on a formal decision-aiding basis. This is rather unusual, but it is thought that the recognition of the importance of risk aversion by the decision-makers themselves is a very positive outcome from this study.     

机动车超载行为的博弈分析及治理措施

结合新近实施的《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》的相关内容对机动车超载的成因进行了博弈分析,认为导致中国现行治理超载措施成效不佳的主要原因是交通规费差别化的不可能、公正处罚的概率不高和管理者的自由裁量权过大。提出了规范汽车生产企业的运力标示行为、加大对交通管理部门的腐败查处力度和细化处罚标准的治理措施。     

Risk Associated with Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel Under Demanding Security Constraints: The Colombian Experience

This note describes some of the safety and security concerns posed by the transportation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from a nuclear research reactor located in Bogota (Colombia) to a port on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The operation was made at a moment of extremely high guerilla activity in Colombia, so that the decision-problem belongs in the extension of risk analysis known as threat analysis. By invoking a principle of dispreference for probability based on the concept of stochastic dominance, a qualitative risk comparison was made between the road and air alternatives.     

交通事故损害赔偿责任分担

"行为违章,撞了白撞"引起广泛关注、争论.文章从理论、立法、社会实践多角度考虑,认为"行人违章,撞了不能白撞",车方仍应合理分担其应负的赔偿责任.     

实施国库集中收付对交通部门的影响及对策

国库集中收付是我国财政预算体制改革的重要内容之一。但实施国库集中收付对交通管理部门产生一定的影响,不利于我国公路建设的发展。在分析国库集中收付对交通部门影响的基础上,提出了交通部门实施国库集中收付的具体方式及有关建议。     

梯面镇道路系统规划探讨

依据梯面镇社会经济发展总体规划的指导思想，在分析该镇现状道路和区际交通发展的基础上，研究了镇域道路系统的发展战略，提出了道路网规划的基本原则．结合镇域地理环境和分区特点，确定道路使用功能和基本格局，编制了道路系统规划并提出路网实施计划与措施．     

Active Commuting Patterns at a Large,Midwestern College Campus

Abstract

Objective: To understand patterns and influences on active commuting (AC) behavior. Participants: Students and faculty/staff at a university campus. Methods: In April–May 2008, respondents answered an online survey about mode of travel to campus and influences on commuting decisions. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted variance in walking and biking using sets of demographic, psychological, and environmental variables. Results: Of 898 respondents, 55.7% were female, 457 were students (50.4%). Students reported more AC than faculty/staff. For students, the models explained 36.2% and 29.1% of the variance in walking and biking, respectively. Among faculty/staff, the models explained 45% and 25.8% of the variance in walking and biking. For all models, the psychological set explained the greatest amount of variance. Conclusions: With current economic and ecological concerns, AC should be considered a behavior to target for campus health promotion.     

The Social and Policy Predictors of Driving Mobility Among Older Adults

This research was designed to identify the impact of state driver's license renewal requirements on the driving mobility (i.e., the reduction or cessation of driving) of older (70 years or older) drivers in the United States. Nationally representative data from four waves (1993–2000) of the Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old study were linked to state policies on relicensing and used in a longitudinal logistic regression analysis. The author assessed the driving behaviors of a sample of 9,638 men and women. The findings demonstrate that the driving mobility of older people is influenced by state relicensing policies. The analysis indicates that five policies—accelerated renewal, mental testing, peripheral vision testing, renewal in person at age 70+ (as opposed to renewal by mail or online), and restricted licensing—have a significant effect on an older driver's decision to reduce or cease driving. The driving patterns of older adults are influenced not only by their health and socioeconomic backgrounds, but also by state relicensing policies. In terms of public policy, this result shows that there is a mechanism for extending the years of independent mobility for older people: restricted licensing.     

Resolving Mobility Constraints Impeding Rural Seniors' Access to Regionalized Services

Rural and small town places in developed economies are aging. While attention has been paid to the local transportation needs of rural seniors, fewer researchers have explored their regional transportation needs. This is important given policies that have reduced and regionalized many services and supports. This article explores mobility constraints impeding rural seniors' access to regionalized services using the example of northern British Columbia. Drawing upon several qualitative studies, we explore geographical, maintenance, organizational, communication, human resources, infrastructure, and financial constraints that affect seniors' regional mobility. Our findings indicate that greater coordination across multiple government agencies and jurisdictions is needed and more supportive policies and resources must be in place to facilitate a comprehensive regional transportation strategy. In addition to discussing the complexities of these geographies, the article identifies innovative solutions that have been deployed in northern British Columbia to support an aging population. This research provides a foundation for developing a comprehensive understanding of the key issues that need to be addressed to inform strategic investments in infrastructure and programs that support the regional mobility and, hence, healthy aging of rural seniors.