亚细亚生产方式理论对马克思唯物史观的发展和完善

马克思在对东方社会理论的研究和对亚细亚生产方式基本特征的揭示过程中 ,丰富和发展了唯物史观思想。认为社会历史发展道路 ,既是统一的 ,又是多样的 ,马克思提出跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”的设想 ,不仅指出了俄国革命道路 ,更为人们提供了一种方法论。关于社会历史进程问题和社会历史尺度问题 ,马克思亦做了辩证的阐述。     

Driven by politics: agenda setting and policy-making in Hungary 2010–2014

Studies on media and politics generally find an effect of the media on the symbolic policy agenda. Analysing data from the Hungarian Comparative Agendas Project, we demonstrate that this effect is extremely weak in the Hungarian policy-making process. We identified those issues that received greater than average coverage in the media. However, we found that in the majority of cases governmental initiatives or decisions preceded the media coverage – that is, instead of the media agenda pulling the policy agenda, the general logic is the opposite: the media are talking about the policy initiatives of the government. The ambition of the paper is twofold. First, our findings reinforce those claims in the literature that point to the many institutional and political factors affecting the media-politics nexus. This suggests that policy-making might be very different in new(er) democracies. Second, our research analyses the policy-making side of Viktor Orbán’s governance. Changes in the polity, democratic backlash and illiberal tendencies are usually the focus concerning the political changes in Hungary since 2010, but no attention has been devoted to how this type of governance is reflected in policy-making. Our paper seeks to make a contribution also in this respect.     

日本声称拥有钓鱼岛领土权的论据辨析

自从上世纪70年代初中日钓鱼岛之争事起以来,日本声称拥有钓鱼岛主权的论据,大都出自1970年9月17日以琉球政府官方名义发表的“关于尖阁列岛的领土权”声明。之后,日本外务省根据该“声明”的精神,于1972年3月8日发表“尖阁列岛分明是日本领土”的官方见解,坚称钓鱼岛归属日本。“声明”和“见解”出笼后,成为日本历次官方发言人用来与中国交涉钓鱼岛主权的持论依据。尽管日方在申述自己的主张时提出许多理由和证据,但大致可归结为两点：一是经纬线划界法;二是无主地先占法。因此,本文在弄清日方所谓主张和论据的同时,对其“经纬线划界法”和“无主地先占法”的辩词,一并加以驳斥。     

权力游戏与产业制度变迁——以中国石油产业外部合作战略转型为例（1988-2008）

1988-2008年间,中国石油产业外部合作战略实现了从早期以引进外国资本与技术为主要内容的“引进来”战略,向1998年后以输出资本与技术为主要特征的“走出去”战略的重要转型。本文以组织社会学决策分析的推论方式研究发现,作为一种产业制度变迁现象,中国石油产油产业外部合作战略的转型除了受到国家及其产业政策和市场机制的重要影响外,更深刻地受到一种复杂权力关系互动或权力游戏机制的作用。即中国石油产业外部合作战略转型深层的动力来源主要是国家和国有石油公司之间特定的权力游戏,这种权力游戏是基于各自行动能力与资源控制,和各自对特定的互动组织环境以及对方可能的行动策略的权衡与判断而建构起来的。     

应对气候变化措施同WTO原则的冲突——理论与实证分析

与贸易有关的环境措施在GATT/WTO法律层面持续引起学者们对贸易与环境问题的激烈争论。而气候变化博弈中,WTO成员方采取应对气候变化的单边措施,可能违反了WTO的非歧视原则和其他若干规则。对从未做出碳减排承诺的国家进口的产品征收反补贴税可能违反SCM协定,TRIPs协定很难成功适用于气候友好型技术的转让与应用之中,这都是气候变化下WTO争端问题凸显的主因。本文通过探讨碳关税等应对气候变化措施与WTO的一致性,对GATT/WTO关于贸易与环境的争端解决案例进行解读,探寻气候变化下WTO争端解决的未来走向,对我国频发的贸易摩擦提出应对策略。     

Happiness is not Enough: Cognitive Judgements as Indicators of National Wellbeing

The European Social Survey, on which this issue of the journal focuses, is a 30-nation multi-funded survey series measuring attitude change. Started in 2001, it is characterised by unusually high standards of sampling and data equivalence. Its data are made available on-line with equal access to all, and have already attracted over 20,000 users. Many papers, articles and books based on the ESS have already appeared. But none has yet employed the data—whether alone or with other sources—to derive indicators of citizens’ cognitive judgements of their society. A recent EC grant is enabling the authors to fill this gap, covering topics such as trust in national institutions, tolerance, social cohesion, social trust and fear of crime. The aim is to be able to monitor changes over time in the distance between what citizens believe their society ought to be in these respects and how they actually perceive it to be.

苗族婚姻制度变迁六十年——以贵州省施秉县夯巴寨为例

半个多世纪以来,苗族婚姻制度发生了诸多变迁。本文聚焦于游方、婚姻仪式、两性距离与婚姻限制等要素来揭示婚姻制度的变迁。这些变迁与国家意志、市场原则、大众媒体、社会时尚、科学知识与文化传统等因素相关。这些因素分别作用于婚姻制度的各个层面,并促使其发生牵连性的变迁。     

Malaria in Pacific populations: seen but not heard?

Most Pacific Island countries are located in the tropics, where there is an abundance of mosquitoes with the potential to carry debilitating or life-threatening vector-borne diseases. This article examines three Melanesian countries in which malaria is endemic—Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu—but the threat posed by the spread of malaria gives the issues a broader significance to the Pacific region. After discussing the spatial distribution and prevalence of malaria in the Pacific, the article examines a number of health interventions through which people have sought to control malaria. Although the disease was nearly eradicated in the Pacific in the 1970s, it is no longer in retreat. The article concludes by examining why there are still grounds for cautious optimism, and the challenges that Pacific Island countries face in reducing the impact of malaria on their populations. There is a need for prompt and concerted action on malaria at the national, regional and international levels if the public health concerns arising from the disease are to be adequately addressed.     

转型期撒拉族婚姻家庭价值观变迁探微

二十世纪八十年代以后,撒拉族社会、经济、文化结构开始转型,民众的婚姻家庭观念出现了从传统向现代转化的趋势.通过研究笔者发现:传统文化、传统性因子依然是影响撒拉族婚姻、家庭观的主要因素,现代文化、现代性因子也已进入撒拉族婚姻家庭观念之中,使得撒拉族婚姻家庭价值观呈现出传统与现代的互动、融合的特点.     

当代知识生产力的发展及其对唯物史观的影响

知识生产力在知识经济条件下的凸现,既标志着生产力发展明显地突破了单纯的物质生产力,又标志着精神生产力获得了新发展。随着以知识生产力为代表的当代精神生产力的发展,从生产力自身到生产关系、上层建筑及人和社会发展的各领域都对唯物史观产生了新的影响。以知识生产力为代表的精神生产力代表了先进生产力的发展方向,时代的发展要求致力于培育和发展当代精神生产力特别是知识生产力。