2012年中国民族法学研究述评

2012年中国民族法学研究成果颇丰。其中,论文约有320余篇,比2011年增加了100余篇。这些研究在内容上有以下特点：一是内容较为全面,其中,民族习惯法、民族司法的研究比往年增多,民族政治权利成为年度重要话题;二是内容上的交叉研究增多;三是出现了一些综述性、反思性研究成果;四是关注了一些热点事件和话题;五是应用性研究成果较多。这些研究在方法上有以下特点：一是研究视角的多元化,协商民主成为年度新话题;二是注重实证研究;三是注重比较研究。在全面梳理的基础上,笔者根据研究内容所涉及的民族法学基本理论、民族权利保护、民族区域自治、民族法制建设、民族习惯法、民族法制史、民族司法等方面分别对其主要成果进行了介绍与评价,在辨别良莠、展示精华的同时,为不断繁荣中国民族法学提供可借鉴的年度综合性史料。     

The dynamics of negation: identity formation among Palestinian Arab college students inside the green line

How does granting certificates of ‘business clean of Arab workers’ to owners of shops, stores, and Jewish businesses who prove they are not employing Arab workers shape identity? Identity development involves making sense of, and coming to terms with, the social world one inhabits, recognizing choices and making decisions within contexts, and finding a sense of unity within one's self while claiming a place in the world. Since there is no objective, ahistoric, universal trans-cultural identity, views of identity must be historically and culturally situated. This paper explores identity issues among members of the Palestinian Arab minority in Israel. While there is a body of literature exploring this subject, we will offer a different perspective by contextualizing the political and economic contexts that form an essential foundation for understanding identity formation among this minority group. We argue that, as a genre of settler colonialism, ‘pure settlement colonies’ involve the conquering not only of land, but of labor as well, excluding the natives from the economy. Such an exclusion from the economy is significant for its cultural, social, and ideological consequences, and therefore is especially significant in identity formation discussed in the paper. We briefly review existing approaches to the study of identity among Palestinian Arabs in Israel, and illustrate our theoretical contextual framework. Finally, we present and discuss findings from a new study of identity among Palestinian Arab college students in Israel through the lens of this framework.     

One of us? Reaction formation and inclusion as a strategy in the ethnic state

Many states question how to manage burgeoning migration. This is particularly problematic for ethnic states whose foundation myths imagine the state as the home for the nation. In this paper, we argue that ethnic states engage a type of defense mechanism, ‘reaction formation’, as part of migration policy to distract attention from threats to the claimed ethnic homogeneity that undergirds the reason for the state's existence. Using Israel as a case of a planned ethnic state, we show how a state develops a spectrum of membership models to incorporate ‘others’ into the nation-state. We suggest that Israel could conceivably devise some arrangement to incorporate the several hundred thousand labor migrants currently resident there. We argue that the state is reluctant to recognize these migrants as ‘Israeli’ because to do so would reveal a hidden truth: Israel may be becoming more Israeli than Jewish and, thus, the recognition of labor migrants and their children provokes questions about Israel's very reason for existence, that is, being a Jewish state.     

自然语言理解综述

为了解决计算机理解自然语言问题，产生了自然语言理解这一研究方向，文章归纳了自然语言理解研究中的一些关键问题，整理了国内外自然语言理解技术发展的简史，讨论了自然语言理解技术的主要进展，并针对重大的研究工作做了粗浅的评述。最后对该学科的研究前景进行了展望。     

Efficacy of programmes for the unemployed: discrete time modelling of duration data from a matched-comparison study

An evaluation is described of two UK Government programmes for the long-term unemployed in Great Britain, Employment Training and Employment Action, using discrete time hazard modelling of event histories. The study design employed a closely matched comparison group and carefully chosen control variables to minimize the effect of selection bias on conclusions. The effect of unobserved heterogeneity is investigated by using some standard random effect model formulations.     

有自己作为的"接受史"--《接受的复调--中国巴赫金接受史研究》在接受史研究上的意义

虽然现代中国的文学学科的建立,其理论基石基本上依赖于对域外理论的接受,但有关域外文论的中国接受史研究,在<接受的复调--中国巴赫金接受史研究>问世之前,基本上还未受到重视.该著不把"知识"创新的根基落在新观念、新方法、新视野之上,而是让"知识"回归到"问题"的求解这一原始的根本上来,以及它总是自觉地对自己所从事的研究从研究方法上进行考量,从而在展露出新颖的研究领地的时候,还创造性地提出了一套有关接受史的独到的研究概念与方法的体系,这在中国的接受史研究的一定的范围或一定的意义上,可以说是具有范式开创意味的.     

左翼文学与延安文学异同论

＂左翼文学＂与＂延安文学＂都是有着内在质的规定性的文学史概念,不容混淆。两个概念之间存在着一些联系,更有着本质性的区别。文章从澄清概念出发,分析了两者之间的联系,着重辨析了两者之间的区别,以澄清近年来一些研究存在的误区。     

大连地区海洋经济发展历程、产业结构和推进方略

大连地区海洋经济发展经历了四个阶段,即海洋经济事业恢复发展阶段(1949～1965)、海洋传统产业鼎立发展阶段(1966～1978)、海洋产业多元格局发展阶段(1979～2005)和海洋经济与陆地经济互动发展阶段(2006～),并取得长足的发展,但其三产结构依然未能呈现出最优的"倒三角形"态势,且主要产业基本集中在海洋渔业、港口及海洋交通运输业、滨海旅游业和海洋船舶制造业等少数部门。为此,大连地区海洋经济应采取围绕支柱产业做好发展规划,完善产业政策促进支柱产业,实施科技兴海确保可持续发展,培育高新产业增强区域活力等推进现代化海洋经济科学发展方略。     

改革开放以来“土地革命”研究述评

改革开放以来,国内外学者对"土地革命"的研究涉及土地革命的政治意义和经济意义、党在各个时期土地政策的演变、大革命时期土地革命的可能性问题及相关人物与"土地革命"的关系等领域。研究者根据档案资料对革命前土地占有状况、租佃关系进行实证研究,重新探讨了土地革命的合法性前提,并根据前苏联解体后的解密资料对"城市中心"向"农村中心"转变的问题提出了不同见解。研究者运用新的研究范式和多学科综合交叉的研究方法对土地革命重新解读,拓展了研究视野,但在原始档案资料的整合利用上还需进一步加强,并应着重这一领域的微观运作机制的研究。     

《行政许可法》实施后出现的问题及对策研究

自2004年7月1日开始实施的《行政许可法》体现了合法与合理、效能与便民、监督与责任的原则,但是在实施中也暴露一些问题,一是条款自身存在着缺陷,二是操作实务中尚存在不足。对此应该采取的措施是:提升理念,完善制度,改革机构。