上犹社溪方言实词的兼类与活用

当语言中的一个新词诞生以后 ,只要表示与之相关的动作变化或状态的动词或形容词没有产生 ,就很可能直接用这个词来表示这种相关的动作变化或状态。因此 ,词的兼类是各种语言或方言、或各个不同时期的同一语言中常见的现象。在语言的发展史上 ,尽可能减少词的兼类现象 ,特别是通过形态变化等手段把兼类的词分化为不同的词 ,还有些词存在活用现象 ,显得很有地方特色。从此角度说 ,客家方言保留着较多的古语痕迹。     

Profile of Some Patients Who Prematurely Terminate Analysis

This paper is concerned with cases in which patients who have been well established in treatment decide to end it prematurely. In examining the issue among my patients who left against my advice, I isolated in some of them a number of common traits, of which the existence of a long-standing idealizing transference was central. Four of these cases are presented, including two in which the resistance was successfully penetrated and two in which it was not and the patient left treatment. The definition of premature termination is seen in the context of that of a complete analysis.     

On Rates of Convergence for Bayesian Density Estimation

Abstract.  We consider the problem of estimating a compactly supported density taking a Bayesian nonparametric approach. We define a Dirichlet mixture prior that, while selecting piecewise constant densities, has full support on the Hellinger metric space of all commonly dominated probability measures on a known bounded interval. We derive pointwise rates of convergence for the posterior expected density by studying the speed at which the posterior mass accumulates on shrinking Hellinger neighbourhoods of the sampling density. If the data are sampled from a strictly positive, α -Hölderian density, with α  ∈ ( 0,1] , then the optimal convergence rate n^{− α / (2 α +1)} is obtained up to a logarithmic factor. Smoothing histograms by polygons, a continuous piecewise linear estimator is obtained that for twice continuously differentiable, strictly positive densities satisfying boundary conditions attains a rate comparable up to a logarithmic factor to the convergence rate n ^−4/5 for integrated mean squared error of kernel type density estimators.     

中学历史教师继续教育存在的问题及对策

中学教师继续教育工程已全面展开.在对中学历史教师继续教育的实践过程中,我们发现尚存在观念滞后、学员缺乏学习的动机、师资队伍不适应、经费紧张等问题.针对这些问题,应采取相应的对策更新观念、采取灵活的培训方法、加强师资队伍建设、完善评估体系、严格管理、增加投入等.     

Almost Consistent Estimation of Panel Probit Models with “Small” Fixed Effects

We propose four different GMM estimators that allow almost consistent estimation of the structural parameters of panel probit models with fixed effects for the case of small Tand large N. The moments used are derived for each period from a first order approximation of the mean of the dependent variable conditional on explanatory variables and on the fixed effect. The estimators differ w.r.t. the choice of instruments and whether they use trimming to reduce the bias or not. In a Monte Carlo study, we compare these estimators with pooled probit and conditional logit estimators for different data generating processes. The results show that the proposed estimators outperform these competitors in several situations.     

论宋元之际江西遗民词的内容特质

文学作品是作家本性、人格精神的复现。江西遗民词作为江西遗民词人群个性、心灵之诗意表现 ,其中所表露出的欲挽狂澜于既倒、重整乾坤的雄心与壮志、对自身归属感的积极寻求和对自己所处时空的理性反思、及对社会人生的执著与关注等内容 ,正是这个词人群体在江西独特的地域文化环境中生成的豪逸之气、忠义之心、耿直之性等群体特征的文学表达 ,具有鲜明的地域共性与特色。     

Complex belief-desire reasoning in children

Previous research concerned with children's belief-desire psychology has examined the capacity to predict or interpret action on the basis of the implicit proposition that ‘when an actor desires a particular end and believes that a particular action will achieve that end, he or she will undertake that action’. The limitations of this formulation for understanding acts of omission are outlined and an elaborated version of belief-desire psychology introduced. This version holds that ‘when an actor desires a particular end and believes that a particular action will achieve that end, and when it is believed that there are no co-occurring outcomes of that action whose avoidance is desired more highly than is the originally conceived end, then the actor will undertake the action which will satisfy the original desire’. An experiment is reported which examines 4-, 5, and 7-year-olds' ability to predict story characters' actions on the basis of either their true or false beliefs concerning undesirable outcomes associated with the pursuit of a desired end. Children of all age-groups provided evidence of understanding the elaborated version of belief-desire psychology. However, a significant improvement was noted between the ages of 4 and 7 years in the ability to understand circumstances involving false beliefs.     

人力资源开发与高校办学定位

教育是人力资源开发的主导形式,高校办学定位直接影响着人才培养的类型和规格。适应科学技术的发展和社会经济增长方式的转变,高校办学定位必须与时俱进,不断调整和革新。在当前和今后相当长一段时间,高师院校必须走“以师为本、综合发展”之路。     

Progress and cumulation in the human sciences after the fall

What do we mean by progress and cumulation in the social and human sciences? Recent thinking in the philosophy and history of science has led to an abandonment of some versions of logical positivism and of verificationism that had a strong deductive and theory testing orientation. What is to replace them is less clear. This paper argues that progress and cumulation can be seen as a process of evaluation and retention within an epistemic community. Scholarly disciplines differ in their social structure and in their epistemic and normative commitments. Since sociology is a fragmented discipline, progress and cumulation differ within its multiple subdisciplines, which to varying extents represent epistemic communities. Brief sketches of progress (advance) and cumulation in several subdisciplines are offered.     

First Nations and community economic development: a case study

A training project in a northern Canadian community providedan opportunity to examine participatory planning approachesand the meaning of work in First Nations communities. Focusgroups conducted three years after the unsuccessful interventionof a community economic development (CED) project suggest thatcomplex factors such as lack of support from community leadersand rate of pay for workers determine whether CED is alwaysappropriate in northern, First Nations contexts.