Perception and Communication of Flood Risks: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research

Flood hazards are the most common and destructive of all natural disasters. For decades, experts have been examining how flood losses can be mitigated. Just as in other risk domains, the study of risk perception and risk communication has gained increasing interest in flood risk management. Because of this research growth, a review of the state of the art in this domain is believed necessary. The review comprises 57 empirically based peer‐reviewed articles on flood risk perception and communication from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The characteristics of these articles are listed in a comprehensive table, presenting research design, research variables, and key findings. From this review, it follows that the majority of studies are of exploratory nature and have not applied any of the theoretical frameworks that are available in social science research. Consequently, a methodological standardization in measuring and analyzing people's flood risk perceptions and their adaptive behaviors is hardly present. This heterogeneity leads to difficulties in comparing results among studies. It is also shown that theoretical and empirical studies on flood risk communication are nearly nonexistent. The article concludes with a summary on methodological issues in the fields of flood‐risk perception and flood‐risk communication and proposes an agenda for future research.     

制度环境、风险感知对供应链网络治理模式选择的影响研究

本文以新制度理论与交易成本理论进行对话,从合法性视角构建中国情境下制度环境、风险感知与供应链网络治理模式选择之间影响机理的理论模型。通过问卷调查的方式收集117份有效问卷,并采用结构方程模型方法实证检验制度环境、风险感知对供应链网络治理模式的"形塑"作用。研究结果表明,制度环境是影响供应链网络治理模式选择的重要因素,强制制度对供应链网络治理模式选择具有显著影响,规范制度的影响作用不显著。在供应链网络治理模式选择过程中关系风险感知具有完全中介作用,而绩效风险感知具有部分中介作用。     

国外环境风险感知跨学科研究的知识谱系

自20世纪80年代开始,环境风险感知研究成为国际学者关注的重点和热点。国内外大量学者基于不同学科视角对环境风险感知进行研究,但这一研究领域仍存在较大争议。以1982—2019年公开发表的关于环境风险感知的415篇WOS期刊相关论文为样本,运用SATI软件构建知识单元共现矩阵,将矩阵导入 Ucinet 社会网络分析软件生成环境风险感知关键词共现知识图谱,采用SPSS软件对高频关键词相异矩阵进行因子分析、聚类分析和多维尺度分析,呈现环境风险感知的9个研究流派和4个维度的知识谱系,并在此基础上割裂为实存论和建构论。多学科路径下环境风险感知研究在“概念阐释”“内容统一”“理论整合”呈现相互渗透,彼此交融特征,但是由于实存论和建构论的互异性和隔膜,导致环境风险感知研究难以实质融合,由此可为我国的环境风险感知研究提供借鉴和反思。     

回流农民农业经营职业化的影响因素

基于在甘肃、湖南和贵州三省的调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析了回流农民农业经营决策和新型农民职业化的影响因素。结果表明:回流农民是否从事农业经营和能否成为新型职业农民同时受到个人禀赋、农业信息感知和乡土情结的影响。个人禀赋的影响表现为:教育程度较高和非常健康的回流农民从事农业经营的可能性低;有培训经历和非常健康的回流农民成为新型职业农民的可能性高;农业信息感知的影响表现为:惠农政策感知水平越高,回流农民从事农业经营的可能性越大,成为新型职业农民的可能性也越大;农业风险感知水平越高,回流农民从事农业经营的可能性越低;支农举措感知水平越高,回流农民成为新型职业农民的可能性越大;乡土情结的影响表现为:有土地流入经历的回流农民从事农业经营的可能性更大,爱农情结越深的回流农民越容易成为新型职业农民。建议从改善农业经营金融扶持与农业保险体系、强化农业技术培训、提升农业信息传播效果和激发回流农民乡土情结四个方面入手,吸引更多回流农民从事农业经营,培育更多回流农民成为新型职业农民。     

外语教学的大误区——始于识字

本文拟就学外语从识字开始这一旧的教学模式进行论述,指出由该模式所引发的若干问题,并对其产生原因进行分析,以找出解决办法,改进外语教学。     

Communication and representation of risk in health crises: the influence of framing and group identity / Comunicación en crisis sanitarias y representación del riesgo. La influencia del framing y la identidad grupal

Based on the Social Representations Theory (SRT) applied to the social construction of risk and the role played by group identities, this study examines the construction of risk created by the mass media in health epidemics. An experimental design with split-ballot questionnaire and 319 participants was used in which message framing (human interest vs. attribution of responsibility) and proximity (high vs. low) were manipulated for a high invulnerability identity (youth) vs. a low invulnerability identity (elderly) population. Results showed that the human interest framing increased the perception of risk, especially when the proximity of the epidemic was high; this effect was explained by people’s emotional response. Furthermore, youth projected the risk towards ‘the other’ in order to protect their invulnerability identity. Finally, we stress the importance of the SRT on a theoretical and applied level for risk communication in health crises.     

When political candidates “go positive”: the effects of flattering the rival in political communication

In the field of political communication, the effects of negative propaganda strategies have been long studied. In the current work, I investigated the perceived and actual persuasiveness of an unexplored positive propaganda strategy, i.e., addressing a flattery to the rival in a political speech. In a 2 × 2 full-factorial design experiment, a fictitious candidate (a man or a woman) flattered, or did not flatter, an opponent in a political speech. Results showed that when the candidate flattered a rival s/he influenced the likelihood of being voted through source trustworthiness evaluation, irrespective of the candidate’s gender. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

探究性学习在化学教学中的实践和体会

化学中的探究式学习方式涉及提出问题、猜想与假设、制定计划、进行实验、收集证据、解释与结论、反思与评价、表达与交流等要素。探究式教学对学生起到了唤醒、激励、体验和感召的作用,使课堂教学焕发出勃勃生机。     

杜夫海纳的纯粹知觉意向性与现象学还原

杜夫海纳认为审美对象是纯粹知觉对象.从现象学的角度看,这是经现象学还原而达到的具有主客关系本源性的意识结构,本文称之为"纯粹知觉意向性".在现象学还原问题上,杜夫海纳受到了胡塞尔、海德格尔、梅洛-庞蒂的多重影响,而又有自己独到的发挥和创见,这主要表现为,他把还原看作是由纯粹知性意识(胡塞尔)、经知觉意识(梅洛-庞蒂)到纯粹知觉意识的回溯,即回到知觉主体与世界的根源处.这种回溯表现在意识活动方面,就是走向感性,并外化为对象,杜夫海纳称其为"异化";而表现在意向对象方面则是,在悬置外部世界的同时,审美对象从非现实转化为现实的"现象",即在呈现中被给予和被还原的感性的对象,杜夫海纳称其为"中立化".