The Collective Model of Household Consumption: A Nonparametric Characterization

We provide a nonparametric characterization of a general collective model for household consumption, which includes externalities and public consumption. Next, we establish testable necessary and sufficient conditions for data consistency with collective rationality that only include observed price and quantity information. These conditions have a similar structure as the generalized axiom of revealed preference for the unitary model, which is convenient from a testing point of view. In addition, we derive the minimum number of goods and observations that enable the rejection of collectively rational household behavior.     

提高1个百分点的消费率可以使第三产业比重上升0．26个百分点

摘　　要:理论与实践都表明,提高消费率会使第三产业比重上升。本文根据最新编制的全国投入产出表,具体测算出一个因果关系,即提高1个百分点的消费率可以使第三产业比重上升0．26个百分点。此外,本文还得出其他几个重要结论,包括：影响第三产业比重的因素除了消费率外,还有产业分工、消费结构、投资结构等;与日本相比．我国在生产消耗和最终消费中对第三产业需求比例明显偏低;但投资中对第三产业的需求比例高于日本水平;不能简单地把第三产业比重的高低作为衡量一个国家或地区产业结构合理与否的标准。     

新农村建设中存在的若干问题

摘　　要:作者认为。在新农村建设中应首先着力解决与农民切身利益相关的一些问题。这些问题包括：农民收入增长缓慢、城乡居民收入差距持续扩大;城乡教育水平差距大、农民教育负担重;城乡医疗卫生资源分布不平衡、农民医疗费用支出负担重;农村社会保障体系缺失。作者对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决这些问题的一些政策措施 。     

公共消费安全保障机制与对策研究

近年消费安全文献主要集中在农产品、食品安全消费,以及经营者安全消费环境义务归责等问题研究上。文章提出了从培育绿色商品市场体系、完善政府监管制度体系、健全行业协会监管职能等角度构建公共消费安全保障机制,同时提出了要加强消费公共安全理论研究、加大公共消费安全教育、完善公共消费安全预警与处置制度等具体对策。     

论我国农村居民的不确定性与非持续消费

农村居民的收入与支出的不确定性是客观存在的,这种不确定性是我国农村居民非持续消费的重要原因。非持续消费即有宏观层次的含义,又有微观层面的含义,两种非持续消费相互影响,不利于农村居民生活质量的提高和人的全面发展,也不利于国民经济的良性循环。      

土地流转与农村家庭收入差距：家庭发展视角下的经验探讨

土地是农村家庭重要的生产生活资料,土地流转是农村家庭在城镇化进程中生计转型的重要标识,直接影响其收入。基于产权调整逻辑与家庭发展理论,利用课题组2018年全国农村调查数据,以及中国城市统计年鉴数据,采用倾向值得分匹配、多元线性回归模型检验了土地流转对农村家庭收入差距的影响。结果表明,整体而言土地流转的制度设计对缩小农村家庭收入差距具有积极作用,土地转出显著缩小了农村家庭收入差距。同时,土地流转对家庭收入差距的作用受到家庭发展特征的影响。家庭发展目标、代际联系与家庭生命周期从不同的路径影响了土地流转缩小收入差距的积极作用。探讨土地流转对农村家庭收入差距的影响,需要结合自上而下的产权路径与自下而上的家庭发展路径进行综合考量。     

股价变化对消费影响的实证分析

如何扩大我国居民的有效需求一直是各界普遍关注的问题。运用1999年1月到2003年12月的月度数据,采用生命周期模型对股价变化对消费的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明,股价变化对消费具有显著的影响,我国股票市场确实存在财富效应。运用扩展的生命周期模型,我们进一步证实了我国居民消费存在明显的误差修正行为。由于居民消费对财富变化的调整是渐进的,所以要充分发挥股市对需求的拉动作用,必须持续采取积极的股市政策。     

论可持续发展时代的经济观

以可持续发展理念为指导,在分析基本经济观念历史演进的基础上,提出可持续发展的经济观主要包括可持续发展的生产和消费观。     

河南省农村居民消费结构升级问题探讨

实现农村居民消费结构升级,启动我省农村消费,不仅能促进我省经济的发展,而且对于整个社会经济具有极大的推动作用。主要从我省农村消费结构的现状着手,探讨实现我省农村居民消费结构升级的具体对策建议,即增加农民收入,减轻农民负担,大力开拓农村市场;优化我省农村消费环境;大力改进农村金融服务;建立和完善农村社会保障制度等。     

The gender gap in teenagers’ incomes. A 30-year trend in Finland 1983–2013

In this article, we examine the gender differences in disposable incomes of teenagers during a 30-year period 1983–2013, using large nationally representative survey data. Since the gender pay gap in working life has been rather persistent in Finland and the EU, it was necessary to see whether the gap persists in teenagers’ incomes as well. Although teenagers do not receive much income from work, they adapt to the structures of society during their teenage years and learn gender roles in consumption, education, and working life. Our results reveal that the gender pay gap has been rather persistent in Finland, particularly among 14- and 16-year-old teenagers. It is only among 18-year-olds that the gender difference in income has narrowed. There were interactions between gender and socio-economic indicators such as the father's education and family's place of residence. The persistent gender pay gap cannot be explained solely by wage differences in any age group, because full-time work of teenagers is nowadays very rare, and in Finland they do not work very much even part-time. Although it is rather obvious that boys get higher incomes than girls from external work, the allocation of money by parents seems to be unequal, too.