中国出口贸易与农民收入结构关系的实证分析

在经济全球化、贸易一体化的今天,一个国家的经济发展离不开贸易因素,同样农民收入水平的变动与贸易也是分不开的。基于1978—2008年出口贸易对农民收入结构的影响（即家庭经营收入和工资性收入）的实证结果表明：出口贸易与农民家庭经营收入之间呈负相关关系,但会推动工资性收入的增长。因此,在农民农业收入不稳定的情况下,应鼓励扩大农产品出口,加大新型农村金融机构对乡镇企业出口的扶持,确保农民工资性收入的稳定增长。     

流动人口社会距离测量及其影响因素分析——以苏浙沪为例

以布尔迪厄的"惯习"概念为基础,认为社会距离是流动人口在流入地具体社会生活中体验到的一种身体化的社会结构。在此基础上建立起流动人口社会距离指数,对苏浙沪三地流动人口社会距离及其影响因素进行比较分析。结果表明:上海流动人口社会距离最小,江苏次之,浙江最大;住房性质、流入时间和社会交往网络等因素影响较大,同时制度性因素的影响仍然不可忽视。     

各主要学派有关国债的宏观经济效应比较

本文论述了国际上三个主要学派--李嘉图等价、新古典、凯恩斯学派关于国债宏观经济效应的观点,而后对各学派的主要假设、宏观经济效应(主要从投资、消费、国际收支角度)加以比较。最后,在对比分析的基础上,提出自己的基本假设和相应观点,并对如何积极发挥国债的宏观经济效应提出了建议。     

农村土地制度改革及今后的完善思路

现代中国的农村土地制度进行了三次伟大变革,其基本成果就是现行农村土地制度;这一制度关系国之根本并具有其基本合理性,但也存在某些严重缺陷,应当以高度慎重的态度进行渐进式的改革完善。城乡二元体制是造成农村土地制度严重缺陷的首要根源,应当坚决摒弃。     

科学发展观理论价值探析

深刻把握科学发展观的理论价值，是全面贯彻落实科学发展观的基础。科学发展观是时代精神精华的新体现，是人类社会发展理念的新跃迁，是社会主义建设规律的新探索，是中国共产党执政理念的新概括。     

A VARYING-COEFFICIENT APPROACH TO ESTIMATION AND EXTRAPOLATION OF HOUSEHOLD SIZE

Household formation analysis is both a multidimensional economical and statistical problem of great complexity. Since most of the literature tries to incorporate multiple economic aspects, there is, considering the extraordinary practical relevance of the problem, a remarkable gap between theory and application in this field. This paper tries to diminish this gap by a comprehensive treatise on the statistical site of the problem. Thus, we develop a model of household composition, where the evolution of the household membership rates is captured by a logit link-function and a multinomial distribution, which automatically fulfills the non-negativity and adding-up restrictions of the underlying probabilities. We use a varying-coefficients procedure by polynomially smoothing the household membership rates over age for every household size class and assuming a linear predictor in other variables. As an application we estimated and extrapolated the distribution of household sizes of an autonomous region using population register data. Our sample consisted of approximately 450,000 people living in about 170,000 households, grouped into nine different household size classes and classified into age classes from 0 to 90. The data covers a time span of 12 years, from 1986 to 1997. Empirical results show the robustness of the procedure even in case of low cell frequencies. Thus, there is no need for regional or age-group aggregations.     

Unfair to Me or Unfair to My Spouse: Men's and Women's Perceptions of Domestic Equity and How They Relate to Mental and Physical Health

Research examining the relationship between household labor and health has not sufficiently considered perceptions of domestic equity, physical health, or potential gender differences in these relationships. Using survey data from 1,234 lawyers, we examine how perceptions of domestic equity are related to mental and physical health and whether these relationships differ by gender. The results indicate that perceiving the division of household labor as unfair to oneself is related to poorer mental health, whereas perceiving the division as unfair to one's spouse is related to poorer physical health, regardless of gender. This article demonstrates the importance of treating perceptions of unfairness to oneself and one's spouse as distinct experiences, while also considering the wider context wherein these relationships exist.     

Urban forest cover of the Chicago region and its relation to household density and income

Urban forests and herbaceous open space play a vital role in the environmental and aesthetic health of cities, yet they are rarely identified in land-use inventories of urban areas. To provide information on urban forests and other vegetative land cover in Illinois cities, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from June 27, 1988, were classified for the Chicago metropolitan region (9,717 km²). Ten land-cover classes were identified, including two types of forestland (occupying 5.8% of the total area), residential land with trees (14.6%) or without trees (7.8%), cropland (37.5%), two types of grassland (7.7%), urban with impervious surfaces (23.1%), water (1.6%), and miscellaneous vegetation (2.1%). Correlation analyses indicated that household income and household density are strongly related to land covers in the region, particularly those with tree cover and urbanized land. Population changes for 1980–1985 and 1985–2010 (projected) show a pattern of increasing density in the urbanized zone concurrent with continued urban sprawl, primarily into current cropland.     

Kumulation von Mikrodaten – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und ein Vorschlag zur Realisierung

Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie wird ein Konzept zur Kumulation von laufenden Haushaltsbudgetbefragungen im Rahmen des Projektes Amtliche Statistik und sozioökonomische Fragestellungen entwickelt und zur Diskussion gestellt. Dafür werden die theoretischen Grundlagen und Bausteine gelegt und die zentrale Aufgabe einer strukturellen demographischen Gewichtung mit einem Hochrechnungs–/Kalibrierungsansatz auf informationstheoretischer Basis gelöst.Vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftsrechnungen des Statistischen Bundesamtes (Lfd. Wirtschaftsrechnungen und EVS) wird darauf aufbauend ein konkretes Konzept für die Kumulation von jährlichen Haushaltsbudgetbefragungen vorgeschlagen. Damit kann das Ziel einer Kumulation von Querschnitten mit einer umfassenderen Kumulationsstichprobe für tief gegliederte Analysen erreicht werden. Folgen sollen die Simulationsrechnungen zur Evaluation des Konzepts.

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Summary: In this study a concept for cumulating periodic household surveys within the frame of the project Official Statistics and Socio–Economic Questions is developed and asks for discussion. We develop the theoretical background and solve the central task of a structural demographic weighting/calibration based on an information theoretical approach.Based on the household budget surveys of the Federal Statistical Office (Periodic Household Budget Surveys and Income and Consumption Sample (EVS)) a practical concept is proposed to cumulate yearly household surveys. This allows a cumulation of cross–sections by a comprehensive cumulated sample for deeply structured analyses. In a following study this concept shall be evaluated.

     

建筑摄影艺术探讨

建筑摄影的宗旨是用二维空间的照片表现出三维空间的建筑物 ,建筑摄影的确切概念应是纪实性与艺术性的统一 ,建筑摄影是用摄影传播表现建筑文化与艺术 ,是其它手法所不及的。从建筑摄影分类及透视“失真”控制谈起 ,就光的微妙变化来捕捉精彩瞬间 ;用光来表现质感 ;用光的方向、品质、色彩讲述对物体视觉的影响来说明光在建筑摄影中至关重要 ,最后从实践操作角度讨论了视点的选择