Housing affordability among elderly female heads of household in nonmetropolitan areas

This study investigates the extent and nature of housing affordability for elderly nonmetropolitan female heads of household using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results indicate that over one-third of elderly nonmetropolitan female heads of household experience housing poverty and that those who rent, who have fair to poor health, and who are minorities are particularly vulnerable. Housing affordability, measured by the concept of housing poverty, identifies households struggling to meet basic needs while the conventional 25% of income for housing expenditures ratio identifies a larger population. The findings suggest the need for multifaceted public policies to address the problem of housing poverty. Her research interests include housing affordability, housing and community vitality, and decision making. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University. Sooyoun Park is in the same department as a Project Assistant on a USDA-funded research project entitled “Housing Affordability in Rural Areas,” which is a joint project between Nebraska and Wisconsin. Her research interests focus on housing management behavior in relation to housing expenditure burden. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.     

现代企业理财新思路--税务筹划

目前,市场竞争日趋激烈,税务筹划成为现代企业理财新思路.本文对常用方法以及应注意的若干方面进行探讨.     

International Tax Competition: A Case for International Cooperation in Globalization

The liberalization of international financial flows and foreign direct investment has induced countries to use diverse measures to attract inflow of foreign capital and foreign direct investment, which is expected to have a positive effect on the growth of GDP and thus a positive effect on social welfare. Tax exemption, reduction of tax rate, tax holiday, or diverse subsidies are some of the most important measures used. In this paper we study international tax cooperation, i.e., countries change and especially reduce tax rate for corporate income or for asset revenues to attract inflow of foreign direct investment. Both theoretical and empirical studies have shown the sensibility of foreign direct investment decision with respect to tax rate differences between home countries and host countries. In general, more inflow of foreign direct investment can be expected if the tax rate of the home country is lower than that of foreign countries. This is the main reason for international tax cooperation. In this paper we propose a simple model to prove the sub-optimal Nash non cooperative solution in a two-country tax-competition game. The model shows that international tax cooperation can improve welfare of the participating countries. How to reach a cooperative solution for an international tax competition game (ITCG) is therefore an important issue for further discussions and studies. International institutions can play a crucial role to reach international tax cooperation or international tax harmonization.     

环境税初探

环境税是解决环境问题的一种重要经济手段。我国环境税收制度在保护环境方面虽然发挥了一定作用，但仍存在不少弊端。为有效发挥环境税的作用，应当在我国现行环境税费制度的基础上，依法确定环境税的纳税人、征税范围、税率、税收优惠等问题，进一步完善我国的环境税收法律制度。     

论税收筹划与税收优惠政策目标实现的关系

税收优惠政策是我国目前广泛应用的重要财政工具之一,影响政府税收优惠政策目标能否有效实现的因素很多,其中纳税人的税收优惠政策筹划活动是一个重要影响因素,通过对两者及其关系的研究,对政府税收优惠政策目标的确定及如何更好地利用纳税人的税收优惠政策筹划确保预期目标的实现,具有重要意义。     

银行个人住房抵押贷款预警系统构想

在分析银行住房抵押贷款的各种风险因素的基础之上，提出模糊预警模型，给出预警结果。     

我国城镇住房制度改革的历程与进展

我国城镇住房制度改革是国家整个经济体制改革的重要组成部分 ,二十多年来 ,这一改革取得了重要成就和积极进展 ,本文在对我国城镇住房制度改革的必要性、进程、目标和特点进行分析的基础上 ,概括了新的城镇住房制度的基本内涵     

房价上涨对我国人口出生率的影响——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

人口数量和结构是影响我国可持续发展的关键因素,住房是人民群众安居乐业的刚需。近年来,我国人口出生率持续下降。为了实现经济高质量发展,缓解人口危机是当前亟待解决的重要问题。为了探究房价上涨对于我国人口出生率的影响,利用31个省级行政区2010—2019年的面板数据和加权最小二乘法进行实证分析,结果表明：房价上涨对人口出生率产生显著的负向影响,住房价格平均上涨1%将导致人口出生率下降0.13%~0.22%;房价上涨对人口出生率的影响在东部省份以挤出效应为主、在中西部省份是以财富效应为主。当前,通过遏制住房投资投机性需求、给予“刚需”人群购房贷款优惠、适量增加东部省份土地供给等手段,可以助力解决我国当前的人口问题。     

过度旅游的综合评价方法及其实证研究

针对过度旅游对旅游目的地造成紊乱的问题,对过度旅游的成因及危害进行总结分析,利用统计数据确定综合旅游密度、旅游强度、民宿密度3项判断过度旅游状态的指标,并将3项指标分数之和作为评价过度旅游的指标值; 使用Zipf分布双对数图与H/T断裂点法确定数据等级划分方式,采用定距分数累加方式建立过度旅游综合评价方法; 利用国内外代表性旅游城市的数据进行了实证分析,验证了所建立综合评价方法的可行性。研究认为,过度旅游综合评价分数给出了旅游目的地过度旅游程度的相对顺序,能够推测各样本过度旅游风险所对应的要素,为制定过度旅游对应政策的优先级提供参考; 在样本城市中,国外过度旅游目的地注重流量管控、征收旅游税等三四级对策,而中国过度旅游目的地注重景区保护和流量管控等二三级对策,尽管国内样本城市旅游服务负荷已高于部分发达国家,但未出现排斥游客的过度旅游现象; 国内仍需要利用经济手段避免部分地区的旅游业依赖,升级城市景区保护为城市全域保护,适时推进旅游税政策。     

非畅流流域跨界水污染纠纷管理模型研究

结合我国流域的非畅流特点,提出了流域各地区作为独立决策单元、污染物人为调控和地区间污染物间接不影响等几个基本假设,构建了我国流域跨界水污染描述模型.分析了我国目前正在执行的污染物削减指令配额模型的优缺点,提出用行政、税收、排污权交易等手段解决我国日益严重的流域跨界水污染纠纷问题,为此建立了合作协调模型、税收宏观调控模型、排污权交易宏观调控模型.通过对淮河流域跨界水污染纠纷的具体应用分析了各种管理模型的资源利用效率.最后,通过各种管理模型的对比分析,指出选择合适的管理模型应与流域的实际情况相匹配.