宁波市农村宅基地流转机制初探

文章结合宁波市新农村建设的相关调查,认为目前宅基地流转的主要方式有出租、出售和置换等三种。宅基地流转中存在的主要问题是宅基地流转的现实需求与相关法律法规的限制性矛盾十分突出。因此,必须建立以“单向流转、有序实施”为总体框架的农村宅基地流转新机制,形成以镇(乡)为单位的宅基地统一审批机制、农村宅基地统一管理使用机制、农村宅基地有偿使用流转机制和城乡一体化的宅基地流转机制。为保证新机制安全、有效、健康地运行,还应该修改《宁波市农村宅基地管理办法》,建立以多元投入为核心的农村宅基地流转保障基金,改革户籍制度,降低农民进城(镇)、居民进村的门槛,建立规范、有序的农村宅基地市场,从而推动和谐有序的新农村建设。     

The private sector and urban housing production process in Nigeria: A study of small-scale landlords in Abuja

The private production system continues to supply the majority of housing to the population of Third World cities. In Nigeria, statistics show that the bulk of urban housing units is supplied for rent by small-scale private landlords. This paper examines the process of housing production among this category of producers using, as a case study, the peripheral settlements of Abuja, Nigeria's new capital city. A predominance of small-size sole proprietorships is established among the small-scale house building firms, mostly for reasons of maintaining operational flexibility and cost saving. It is also found that the greatest attraction of investing in rental housing by small entrepreneurs is the hedge it provides against inflation and the stability and permanence it introduces into the capital base of economic pursuits. A strong influence of traditional chiefs in land supply is revealed, together with the emergence of a commercialised land market, resulting in speculation and contributing to rising land prices. It is shown that building materials are the most problematic of the key building components to the housing production process. It is argued that small building firms would make more profit if they had access to formal sector working capital and that the practice of using casual workers in project execution has the advantage of enabling firms to survive periods of job drought, but does not encourage growth of the firms, apprenticeship training and skills development in the house construction industry. It is concluded that what is needed to enhance the operation of this category of producers is for government to accept an enabling role that will seek to minimise the financial burden and risks to which they are currently exposed.     

我国发展社会型住房合作社的难点及对策

随着我国住房制度以及人事制度改革的不断深化,我国的职工型住房合作社之路已走到尽头,而发展社会型住房合作社却又受到法律法规不到位、社员资格认定难、既得利益者的阻挠、产权交易等诸多问题的困扰。我们认为,可以通过加快在社会型住房合作社方面的立法、让金融部门积极参与社会型住房合作社的建设、政府加大对社会型住房合作社的支持力度等措施来解决这一难题。     

我国廉租房制度建设中的问题及对策探讨

从认识层面、制度层面、操作层面指出了目前我国廉租房制度建设中存在的问题,分析了问题产生的深层次原因,并从认识、制度、操作三个层面探索了适合我国国情的廉租房制度建设的对策和建议。     

我国实施住房抵押贷款证券化的迫切性及运作模式

从住房抵押贷款证券化的迫切性入手 ,通过对我国现阶段实施住房抵押贷款证券化存在障碍的分析 ,力求探索出有中国特色的住房抵押贷款证券化模式。     

Balancing regulation and affordability of housing

Housing regulation is a growing concern because affordability of housing has been declining and regulations which increase housing costs have been escalating. Many of the regulations which have been adopted fulfill goals of protection of health, safety, or welfare; preservation of the environment; or improved energy conservation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the effect of these regulations on affordability. This article reviews the role of government regulation on housing, and discusses the parameters of the affordability/regulatory issue.Helpful comments and suggestions were made by Vincent Brannigan, Bob Cleveland, Deborah Godwin, Roger Swagler, Anne Sweaney, and Frank Walter.Dr. Meeks received her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University and is interested in housing economics and policy, and the economic well-being of households.     

Housing tenure,structure, and crowding among Latino households

This article examines the effect of federal housing and public assistance programs on the housing quality of different Latino households. The research tests models of crowding and housing tenure and structure for Latino households. The data for this research are from the 1990 Latino National Political Survey-Panel Study of Income Dynamics (LNPS-PSID). Findings reveal that housing and public assistance programs do help alleviate crowding among the Latino population, but they do not help Latino households achieve ownership of a single-family home. All the demographic variables in the model contribute to the explanation of crowding, and a majority also significantly explain housing tenure and structure. Significant differences are found among Latino subgroups in the explanatory variables for crowding, tenure, and structure. She is also the director of the Center for the Study of Aging at Illinois State. Her research interests include housing of minority households and congregate housing for the elderly. She received her Ph.D. from Iowa State University. Her research interests include housing needs of Latino households, resource management of female-headed Puerto Rican households, fertility decisions of Puerto Rican women, and student labor force participation. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.     

Homelessness as one component of housing instability and its impact on the development of children in poverty

The number of families with children living in poverty and experiencing housing instability and homelessness has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Current public policy decisions will lead to further increases. Understanding the impact of this instability on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development of children is imperative. Few studies critically examine the effects of instability on both domiciled and homeless children. This research examined the effects of homelessness and housing instability on 133 children 8 to 12 years of age living in poverty. Results indicate that whether a child is currently homeless is not as significant as overall stability which may have a long ranging effect on a child's future development.     

Poverty and social conditions in Poland during the transformation to a market economy

The social welfare system in Poland was changed during the 1990s. The full employment policy, as a guarantee for social security, was abandoned and the institutions through which social resources were distributed were replaced. State-owned enterprises previously fulfilled certain social functions; the necessary resources came from state subsidies and from obligatory funds: housing and social funds as well as a proportion of wage costs. Thus, the prices of many types of important consumption goods (such as food and housing) were fixed at a relatively low level. The elimination of subsidies resulted in the bankruptcy of many state-owned enterprises which, in turn, led to the diminished importance of the social security function of industrial enterprises. Their role in the newly created social welfare system was taken over by social welfare centers, through which assistance was distributed to those in need. Besides the traditional recipients of social assistance, a growing number of unemployed people, who comprise approximately 14% of the productively active citizens, have also begun collecting assistance.     

城乡一体发展视角下“小产权房”稳妥流转的路径——从利益和制度成本的维度展开

由于利益驱使,"小产权房"以各种方式逐渐壮大并颇具规模,成为困扰我国房地产市场的一个大问题。当前,城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍,有关农村建设用地流转的土地制度改革势在必行。"小产权房"问题必须在城乡一体发展的思路下统筹解决,通过甄别房屋具体情况,在平衡相关利益的基础上,区分对待。"小产权房"这一习惯意义上使用的不规范概念终将变成历史名词。