儒家君子的核心价值观及其对当代人才观的启示

儒家君子是中国古代社会的重要人才与精神形象,其核心价值观是其长期存在的根本原因。其核心价值观主要有：天地人和是君子最高理想价值观,智仁勇三德是君子内在品质价值观,尊道贵德是君子内在精神价值观,义以为上是君子精神外现价值观,德才兼备是君子人才素质价值观。儒家君子的核心价值观对当代人才观具有重要启示：一是利于把握人才的培养方向,二是利于衡量人才的基本素质,三是利于确定人才的价值取向。     

Evaluation of Research Ethics Committees: Criteria for the Ethical Quality of the Review Process

Repeatedly, adequacy, performance and quality of Ethics Committees that oversee medical research trials are being discussed. Although they play a crucial role in reviewing medical research and protecting human subjects, it is far from clear to what degree they fulfill the task they have been assigned to. This eventuates in the call for an evaluation of their activity and, in some places, led to the establishment of accreditation schemes. At the same time, IRBs have become subject of detailed legislation in the process of the ongoing global juridification of medical research. Unsurprisingly, there is a tendency to understand the evaluation of RECs as a question of controlling their legal compliance. This paper discusses the need for a quality evaluation of IRBs from an ethical point of view and, by systematically reviewing the major ethical guidelines for IRBs, proposes a system of criteria that should orientate any evaluation of IRBs.     

Blood Money: Bayer’s Inventory of HIV-Contaminated Blood Products and Third World Hemophiliacs

This article presents an overlooked case of research misconduct and violations of basic principles of medical and business ethics. When Bayer’s Cutter Laboratories realized that their blood products, Factor VIII and IX or antihemophiliac factor (AHF), were contaminated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the financial investment in the product was considered too high to destroy the inventory. Cutter misrepresented the results of its own research and sold the contaminated AHF to overseas markets in Asia and Latin America without the precaution of heat treating the product recommended for eliminating the risk. As a consequence, hemophiliacs who infused the HIV-contaminated Factor VIII and IX tested positive for HIV and developed AIDS.     

Competence and consent to research: A critique of the recommendations of the national bioethics advisory commission*

Concern about the participation of incompetent subjects in psychiatric research has grown in the last several years. In response, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) recommended in its recent report that all investigations involving persons with mental disorders that may be associated with cognitive impairment that may pose greater than minimal risk to subjects utilize independent assessors to verify the capacities of subjects prior to entry into the study. This recommendation poses several problems for the conduct of research and the protection of research subjects. First, it fails to target that group of subjects most likely to be at risk for incapacity. Second, it focuses on too broad a range of research projects, many of which pose little risk to participants. The substantial costs of this approach are therefore not likely to be outweighed by concomitant benefits. In place of the NBAC recommendation, the author proposes a more flexible system of capacity assessment, designed to balance the costs with a greater likelihood of achieving meaningful protection for research subjects with mental disorders.     

佛山市外来女工的受教育状况及其教育培训体系建构

佛山市外来女工的低水平教育现状,使她们在当前和未来相当长的一段时间内,面临着技术性失业风险加剧、城市化进程低缓、社会资本低效等问题,致使其生存状况长期得不到改善,影响着她们自身的生存和发展,并直接影响着佛山市产业结构调整与升级的进程,因此,建立完善的外来女工教育培训的支撑体、内容体系、机构体系及评价体系,就成为解决问题的首选。     

首都粮食系统安全保障体系研究

分析了首都粮食流通体系的现状及问题，提出了建设首都粮食流通聚集区的设想，开展了必要性分析、立地与规模需求分析，提出了建设思路、运作模式和运营重点。     

基于科学发展观的人类发展指标体系研究——以苏州市为例

科学发展观是统领我国社会经济发展的重要指导思想。而要将此重要理念付诸实施,贯彻落实到政府部门具体的行政工作中,建立科学的人类发展评价体系和正确的政府工作引导机制至关重要。本课题试图以苏州为例,以科学发展观为指导,通过对现有的人类发展指数及其相关指标的应用评估,提出新的基于科学发展的人类发展指标体系,并运用实际资料通过横向和纵向比较来评估新世纪以来苏州在人类发展中所取得的进展以及新的人类发展指标体系的应用状况。     

Turning Over Turnover

Abstract

Human service programs often have major problems ensuring that all direct-care staff positions are filled and keeping staff members after they are hired. Work schedules may have an effect on maintaining the longevity of staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a revised direct-care staff-scheduling system in community homes serving adults with developmental disabilities. The revised direct-care staffing system, which used shift-style schedules, was compared on a variety of measures to existing staffing systems and to a staffing model using married couples and adaptations of the Teaching-Family Model (called Family-Teaching homes). The revised staff-scheduling system was evaluated before and after its implementation and then compared to the Family-Teaching homes using direct-care employee measures of: (1) turnover; (2) position vacancies; (3) number of different employees paid within a pay period; (4) average hourly wages; (5) number of hours worked; (6) average cost for employees per person served; and (7) employee satisfaction. The various staffing approaches were also compared on measures of parent/legal guardian satisfaction and overall program quality. The revised staff-scheduling system was superior when compared to the previous staff-scheduling system on measures of turnover (43% less), vacancies (57% fewer), number of direct-care employees involved in the care of the persons served (13% fewer), and hourly wages (8% more). All of this was achieved without affecting staff-to-client ratios. While these changes were positive, the Family-Teaching homes were associated with significantly better direct-care staff stability and lower costs.     

美日劳动力素质升级与经济发展对中国的启示

面对中国劳动力素质的快速提升,需要研究什么样的经济结构或产业结构才能更好地与之相匹配,或者说政府与社会需要进行什么样的调整才能更好地利用劳动力素质快速提升所带来的人口红利。为此,考查当美国和日本达到与中国劳动力素质提升水平相当的特定阶段时,其社会经济发展的特点和政府所采取的主要政策,发现美国和日本都具备人力资本快速积累、重视工业技术、政府通过建立社会保障体系或制定产业政策等手段促进经济发展、工人的权利得到提升且工资上涨等特点。这些特点,有一些是中国已经具备的,有一些则对中国未来的发展具有借鉴和指引意义。