Anticipated Ethics and Regulatory Challenges in PCORnet: The National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network

PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, seeks to establish a robust national health data network for patient-centered comparative effectiveness research. This article reports the results of a PCORnet survey designed to identify the ethics and regulatory challenges anticipated in network implementation. A 12-item online survey was developed by leadership of the PCORnet Ethics and Regulatory Task Force; responses were collected from the 29 PCORnet networks. The most pressing ethics issues identified related to informed consent, patient engagement, privacy and confidentiality, and data sharing. High priority regulatory issues included IRB coordination, privacy and confidentiality, informed consent, and data sharing. Over 150 IRBs and five different approaches to managing multisite IRB review were identified within PCORnet. Further empirical and scholarly work, as well as practical and policy guidance, is essential if important initiatives that rely on comparative effectiveness research are to move forward.     

试论社会主义核心价值构建的人性维度

市场经济负面影响的日益显现及西方所谓普世价值的冲击，使不少国人陷入价值错乱、虚无的状态，亟待对其加强价值引导。社会主义核心价值的提出及构建可谓正当其时。价值与核心价值的构建，必须遵循人性维度。运用理性思维去把握人性，形成科学的人性理论，并将其付之于现实生活予以检验，把握人性的真实，才能为核心价值构建奠定人性的坚实基石。     

在公正与效率之间:证人出庭作证制度的困境和出路

证人出庭作证问题,涉及证明标准与法律假设、法律规则与法律标准、诉讼效率与诉讼成本、自利偏见与社会效应等诸多方面。证人不出庭作证的规范依据仍然存在、证人出庭作证的权利和义务不对等、配套措施不完善等原因,导致证人不愿意出庭。美国辩诉交易制度在很大程度上减少了开庭刑事案件的数量,其关于书面陈述的规定也减少了证人出庭作证的需求,在一定程度上实现了被告人人权保护和公共利益的平衡,值得借鉴。完善证人出庭作证制度,应以案件"客观需要"为标准,以追求事实真相为出发点,以人权保护和人性回归为落脚点,遵循限制性处罚原则和禁止利益冲突原则,提高相关规定的可操作性。因此,不宜盲目追求证人高出庭作证率。     

经济上囊括与社会政治上驱逐———论《唐老亚》对华裔美国人精神和文化形象的重建简

赵健秀小说《唐老亚》重建华裔美国人精神和文化形象。在小说中，作者重新刻画了华裔美国人积极的精神风貌，书写了华裔先辈修建铁路但被美国白人社会所隐没的历史，重新解释了被白人社会所扭曲和谬传的儒家思想，揭示了华裔美国人在经济上被囊括与社会政治上被驱逐的尴尬境地，从而对华裔美国人的形象在精神上和文化上进行了建构。     

Establish a Glorious Century of Maintaining Life＇ s Dignity

现今的世界上,有许多人由于内战、贫困与饥饿、环境破坏等威胁,迫使他们的生命及尊严处于危险状态,也有大批人仍然饱受着人权侵害、种族歧视的痛苦。为和平、人权、人道的奋斗,绝不是低层爬到高山的顶峰就可以达到终点那样。重要的是要创建一股一代接一代、谁也阻挡不了的滔滔洪流,并日积月累地把它发展和扩大。这就是我们为了建设一个和平未来的不断挑战。     

学术界关于国家形象研究述评

随着全球化的进一步发展,国家形象在国际社会中的作用日益凸现.而学术界有关国家形象的研究也逐渐升温,其中有不少学者对国家形象的内涵、构成、特性、地位和构建等诸多问题进行了不同程度的探讨,观点纷纭,研究成果颇丰.     

当代孟姜女故事的人性主题

以苏童《碧奴》为代表的当代重写“孟姜女”故事的小说群,通过对女主人公真善美的形象与文中人物丑恶的众生相比较,折射出当代社会人性淡漠的现象,从文化的角度叩问人类的灵魂,探究这些问题产生的原因.“孟姜女”故事在作家笔下一次次获得了新生.新时期的“孟姜女”再次向世人昭示着真善美的人性与价值观,召唤着中华民族的传统美德,是新时代人类心灵的反省.     

Young people's views of the outcomes of non-formal education in youth organisations: its effects on human,social and psychological capital,employability and employment

This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of youth organisations in enhancing the employability of young people through the development of different forms of capital: human, social and psychological. Instead of asking questions about who access extra-curricular activities that may provide young people with positional advantages in the labour market and the class biases that arise in access, the article explores whether the benefits obtained from participation vary by socio-economic background. We make use of the Youth organisations and employability (YOE) database, which contains data from over 1000 young people in more than 40 European countries on the effects of involvement in youth organisations on different forms of capital: human, social and psychological. We find positive effects of involvement on all three forms of capital. The analysis suggests that the characteristics of the involvement in youth organisations are better predictors of its outcomes than are personal characteristics, and find no significant effects of socio-economic background on the reported benefits of participation in our sample. Policy implications are derived from these findings, calling for greater policy support to increase opportunities for the involvement of young people from lower socio-economic backgrounds in youth organisations and for better informing young people of the benefits of sustained involvement with youth organisations.     

Democracy and human development: recent legislation in India

Human Development (HD) requires that development must accompany fundamental human concerns that make life worth living. It is surprising that despite being a democracy, India performs poorly on HD. In this backdrop, four pieces of legislation of different orientations have been passed since 1998–99: ‘Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana’, the ‘Right to Information’, the ‘National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ and the ‘Right to Education’. Where successful, they have empowered the beneficiaries. Though not expressed as such, nor exclusively directed to this end, these pieces of legislation are bound together with democracy's demand for HD: they are influenced externally by various aspects of globalisation; internally, development is continuously interrogated by democracy, competitive politics and social activism.     

在“思辨”与自然的现实观照之间——关于“自然辩证法”的思考

黑格尔辩证法"否定"与其神秘形式存在着对立,其内在革命性同样被恩格斯"否定性"的汲取,恩格斯自然辩证法延展了黑格尔的逻辑与历史研究方法,更从思辨走向了历史现实,从而奠定与确立人在"辩证法"与"自然"中的地位,确立了自然辩证体系存在的意义,使得自然辩证法也成为"人"的哲学而非"精神"哲学的一部分,作为实践、开放的哲学体系,自然辩证法的理论生命力存在于恩格斯对黑格尔哲学汲取的思辨内核中,更存在于对自然的现实观照之中。