实现以人为本的的图书馆服务理念

"用户至上,服务第一"是图书馆的核心价值观,图书馆的服务质量直接影响着图书馆工作的发展。本文介绍了新时期图书馆读者服务工作的特征,探讨了图书馆的以人为本、个性化服务内容和服务方式。     

论人事保证的制度功能及我国的立法选择——兼评《劳动合同法》第9条

《劳动合同法》第9条在现有立法禁止劳动合同物的担保的基础上，进一步否定了人的担保，与很多国家以及我国台湾地区立法上的规定不同。从社会学和经济学的视角分析了人事保证制度的基本功能，客观评价了既存人事保证制度，在此基础上提出我国立法对现有人事保证制度不应该全盘否定，而应该扬弃，重新界定人事保证的内涵。     

“台湾老兵”的婚姻状况调查及原因分析——以浙江籍“台湾老兵”为个案

“台湾老兵”问题是历史留存于海峡两岸的中国社会的特殊问题，而婚姻问题又是“台湾老兵”中最突出的问题。文章以浙江籍“台湾老兵”为个案，调查了他们去台湾前后的婚姻状况，并分析了造成大多数“台湾老兵”在台湾孤单度过大半辈子、甚至一辈子的原因。     

我国宪法与国际人权公约有关人权限制性规定之比较

有关人权限制的问题，我国宪法不论是文本还是理念，都与国际人权公约存在差异，因而产生两者之间的冲突和协调问题。我国宪法限权条款有待明确化、具体化，违宪审查制度有待建立。     

土地承包经营权的物权重构

土地承包经营权的物权属性,学界已基本取得共识,但现行法对土地承包经营权的制度设计依据的是传统物权理论。占有权的基本原理应是土地承包经营权进行物权重构的基本法理。据此,涉及土地承包经营权的主要法理必须进行重新探讨。     

论物上请求权

物上请求权在性质上属于债权 ,其种类应包括返还请求权、妨害除去请求权及妨害预防请求权 ,物上请求权不应适用消灭时效     

旅游业发展与旅游专业外语人才的培养

旅游业的迅猛发展需求大量的旅游专业外语人才。为适应这种需求 ,旅游外语专业人才的培养模式必须改革     

Reconsidering the Evolution of Nonlinguistic Communication: The Case of Laughter

Nonlinguistic communication is typically proposed to convey representational messages, implying that particular signals are associated with specific signaler emotions, intentions, or external referents. However, common signals produced by both nonhuman primates and humans may not exhibit such specificity, with human laughter for example showing significant diversity in both acoustic form and production context. We therefore outline an alternative to the representational approach, arguing that laughter and other nonlinguistic vocalizations are used to influence the affective states of listeners, thereby also affecting their behavior. In the case of laughter, we propose a primary function of accentuating or inducing positive affect in the perceiver in order to promote a more favorable stance toward the laugher. Two simple strategies are identified, namely producing laughter with acoustic features that have an immediate impact on listener arousal, and pairing these sounds with positive affect in the listener to create learned affective responses. Both depend on factors like the listener's current emotional state and past interactions with the vocalizer, with laughers predicted to adjust their sounds accordingly. This approach is used to explain findings from two experimental studies that examined the use of laughter in same-sex and different-sex dyads composed of either friends or strangers, and may be applicable to other forms of nonlinguistic communication.     

Human Salmonellosis: Estimation of Dose-Illness from Outbreak Data

The quantification of the relationship between the amount of microbial organisms ingested and a specific outcome such as infection, illness, or mortality is a key aspect of quantitative risk assessment. A main problem in determining such dose-response models is the availability of appropriate data. Human feeding trials have been criticized because only young healthy volunteers are selected to participate and low doses, as often occurring in real life, are typically not considered. Epidemiological outbreak data are considered to be more valuable, but are more subject to data uncertainty. In this article, we model the dose-illness relationship based on data of 20 Salmonella outbreaks, as discussed by the World Health Organization. In particular, we model the dose-illness relationship using generalized linear mixed models and fractional polynomials of dose. The fractional polynomial models are modified to satisfy the properties of different types of dose-illness models as proposed by Teunis et al . Within these models, differences in host susceptibility (susceptible versus normal population) are modeled as fixed effects whereas differences in serovar type and food matrix are modeled as random effects. In addition, two bootstrap procedures are presented. A first procedure accounts for stochastic variability whereas a second procedure accounts for both stochastic variability and data uncertainty. The analyses indicate that the susceptible population has a higher probability of illness at low dose levels when the combination pathogen-food matrix is extremely virulent and at high dose levels when the combination is less virulent. Furthermore, the analyses suggest that immunity exists in the normal population but not in the susceptible population.     

论我国著作权法不应放弃强制许可制度

强制许可制度兴起于美国，后来迅速扩及英国以及大陆法系各国。《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》和《世界版权公约》对强制许可也作了详细规定。而我国作为两大公约的成员国，至今在现行的著作权法中仍未明文规定强制许可制度。事实上，目前在我国确定强制许可制度不仅是可能的，而且是必要的。