基于校园文化视角的大学生心理健康“软环境”建设研究

大学生心理健康问题已成为社会关注的热点问题之一。文章试图从校园文化的视角,研究培育大学生健康心理的校园“软环境”。文章认为校园文化的三个结构维度,即精神文化、制度文化和物质文化,分别对大学生心理“质”的健康和“关系”健康,有着不同程度的影响,因而共同构成了培育大学生健康心理的“软环境”。进一步地,文章对有益于学生身心健康的软环境建设,提出了有意义的建议。     

造就东北地区汉族传统民居特色的社会文化环境初探

从东北地域文化和文化交流方式的解读入手,阐述了东北社会文化环境引发的两种民居文化交流方式:中原居住文化的移植和居住文化的相互借鉴,指出了地理关联影响下东北汉族传统民居的建造差异。概述了东北地域环境中最能造就东北汉族传统民居特色的三个方面:地理气候环境、社会文化环境和地域内部差异,并以此为线索,分析了东北汉族传统民居研究的特殊性和主要切入点。     

地方政府建设低碳城市研究——以常州市为例

发展低碳经济是落实科学发展观、加快经济发展方式转变、提高城市环境质量和加快生态城市建设的迫切要求。政府通过采取确定城市发展定位、制定生态城市规划、优化产业结构、加快低碳技术开发与应用等措施,采取大力开展低碳宣传,提高公众的节约意识,引导低碳社会生活方式,积极植树造林发挥碳汇潜力等手段来发展低碳经济,建设低碳城市。     

地域性滨水景观的组织与塑造

城市滨水景观建设是建立城市形象的一个重要方面。随着人们对滨水景观和人居环境建设意识的提高,滨水景观的组织和塑造显得越发重要。通过对滨水景观进行实地考察研究,分析地域性滨水景观的重要性,发现滨水景观建设中存在的问题。据此提出对策,以促使地域性滨水区在景观环境中发挥最大效能,创造和谐的室外生活环境。     

Relationships between stressful work environments and bullying: Results of a large representative study

Abstract

This paper contributes to the relatively sparse knowledge about relationships between stressful work environments and bullying. Relationships between job stressors and leadership behaviour were analysed as possible predictors of bullying at work on the basis of the work environment hypothesis, which states that stressful and poorly organized work environments may give rise to conditions resulting in bullying. Analyses of a representative sample (n=2539) of the Norwegian workforce showed role conflict, interpersonal conflicts, and tyrannical and laissez-faire leadership behaviour to be strongly related to bullying, and that the strength of associations to a high degree differed for various measures of bullying. Support was found for an interactive relationship between decision authority and role conflict at different levels of laissez-faire leadership. Not only targets and bully/targets but also bystanders assessed their work environment more negatively than did non-involved employees, while perpetrators of bullying did not differ significantly from non-involved employees as regards their perception of the work environment. Hence, bullying is likely to prevail in stressful working environments characterized by high levels of interpersonal friction and destructive leadership styles. In addition, bullying is particularly prevalent in situations where the immediate supervisor avoids intervening in and managing such stressful situations.     

Relationships between bullying,psychosocial work environment and individual stress reactions

It is frequently assumed that a poor psychosocial working environment will create conditions that encourage bullying. However, few studies have examined this assumption while comparing work environment ratings of bullied and non-bullied employees who work in the same organization and/or department. The objectives of this study were therefore, first, to investigate relationships between bullying and other psychosocial work environment factors within a particular organizational setting and, second, to investigate if bullied employees reported higher levels of stress than non-bullied employees. A total of 186 blue-collar employees from a Danish manufacturing company participated in the study (response rate of 93%). Results showed significant differences in bullied and non-bullied employees’ ratings of psychosocial factors such as job control, management style, role clarity, social climate, social contact and work centrality. In order to investigate assumptions that a poor psychosocial work environment creates conditions that encourage bullying, a number of analyses compared the company's manufacturing departments with either high, medium or low levels of bullying. Results showed significant departmental differences. Yet, when bullied employees were removed from the statistical analyses, with regard to the perceived psychosocial environment these same departments could be differentiated only on the basis of rated job demands and management style. The results therefore bring into question the assumption that a generally poor work environment contributes to bullying. None the less, they do suggest that management style may directly or indirectly have contributed to a higher level of bullying. Also, bullied employees reported significantly more symptoms of psychological stress and mental fatigue than non-bullied employees.     

A comprehensive review of quantitative research on crime,the built environment,land use,and physical geography

This paper provides a comprehensive review of space- and place-based criminology, with a focus on the relationship between crime, the built environment, land use, and/or physical geography, through sociological and critical geography lenses. An historical overview of major criminological and spatial theories and contributors is presented before examining the current state of the field. In honor of critical geography's goal to be “a people's geography,”¹ this paper aims to be an accessible overview of space- and place-based criminological research, especially for readers who are unfamiliar with these topics.     

环境法治:人与自然和谐发展的重要保障

社会和谐有赖于人与自然的和谐,然而遗憾的是人们往往忘记这一点。如今人与自然的关系已经变得越来越不和谐,影响到社会和谐的诸多方面,直至威胁整个人类的生存。文章指出,作为依法治国重要组成部分的环境法治是人与自然和谐发展的重要保障,具体途径主要有:建立和完善保护环境的法律体系,为人与自然的和谐发展提供制度保障;严肃执法,维护环境的公平正义,为人与自然的和谐发展增强后盾力量。     

党内民主讨论环境存在的问题及对策

党内民主讨论环境就是每个党员能够自由、平等地直接或间接参与党内事务以及发表不同意见的宽松和谐的良好党内氛围,营造党内民主讨论环境对于党的建设具有重要意义.然而,当前党内民主讨论环境仍然存在着不愿讲或不敢讲真话,忽视普通党员参与讨论,民主讨论中的"潜规则","盲目服从","虚假民主"等现象,对这些现象进行剖析并探求营造良好党内民主讨论环境的对策是发展党内民主的当务之急.     

构建我国能源政策体系的思考

能源作为一种重要的战略资源,在国家的经济社会发展过程中起着关键性的作用。我国能源政策目前存在节能政策受阻、宏观能源管理体制不顺等多方面问题,迫切需要制定科学合理的能源政策,加强能源的系统性和战略性管理。从能源供给政策、能源消费政策、能源环境政策、能源安全政策四个方面构建能源政策体系具有很强的理论和实践意义。