Disaster Management from a POM Perspective: Mapping a New Domain

We have reviewed disaster management research papers published in major operations management, management science, operations research, supply chain management and transportation/logistics journals. In reviewing these studies, our objective is to assess and present the macro level “architectural blue print” of disaster management research with the hope that it will attract new researchers and motivate established researchers to contribute to this important field. The secondary objective is to bring this disaster research to the attention of disaster administrators so that disasters are managed more efficiently and more effectively. We have mapped the disaster management research on the following five attributes of a disaster: (1) Disaster Management Function (decision‐making process, prevention and mitigation, evacuation, humanitarian logistics, casualty management, and recovery and restoration), (2) Time of Disaster (before, during and after), (3) Type of Disaster (accidents, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslides, terrorism and wildfires etc.), (4) Data Type (Field and Archival data, Real data and Hypothetical data), and (5) Data Analysis Technique (bidding models, decision analysis, expert systems, fuzzy system analysis, game theory, heuristics, mathematical programming, network flow models, queueing theory, simulation and statistical analysis). We have done cross tabulations of data among these five parameters to gain greater insights into disaster research. Recommendations for future research are provided.     

从国际法看人道主义干涉

人道主义干涉及其合法性问题一直是国际法理论和实践中一个颇具争议的问题。对人道主义干涉及其合法性的研究,一直是西方国际法学界研究的热点。人道主义干涉不仅涉及国际法,而且还涉及国际政治和国际关系。但从国际法的角度分析问题,当前的某些人道主义干涉同现行国际法是冲突的。     

试论企业化解家庭-工作冲突的策略

在现代企业环境中,家庭因素对员工工作产生不利影响的问题显得越发突出。从分析工作家庭冲突入手,提出了化解家庭—工作冲突的一些策略：树立“人高于一切”的企业价值观,制定有利于员工的家庭友好政策,增加对员工亲属的激励政策。     

胡锦涛的以人为本思想对人道主义的历史超越

分析社会主义人道主义与资本主义人道主义的根本区别,指出"以人为本"思想是社会主义人道主义的核心,是对以"个人主义"为核心的资产阶级的人道主义的历史超越。     

从国际法看"人道主义干预"

"人道主义干预"是美国等西方国家在冷战结束后大力提倡并广泛实施的政策,其实质在于妄图使以军事手段干涉别国内政的做法合法化,是霸权主义的恶性膨胀;它以"人权高于主权"、"人道主义干涉"的思维指导其行动,鼓吹保护人权和防止人道主义灾难比维护国家主权重要,粗暴干涉别国内政,是对国际法的基础--国家主权原则的公然违背,因而冲击着当今国际法体系,不利于建立和平稳定的国际新秩序.     

Stochastic Optimization for Natural Disaster Asset Prepositioning

A key strategic issue in pre‐disaster planning for humanitarian logistics is the pre‐establishment of adequate capacity and resources that enable efficient relief operations. This paper develops a two‐stage stochastic optimization model to guide the allocation of budget to acquire and position relief assets, decisions that typically need to be made well in advance before a disaster strikes. The optimization focuses on minimizing the expected number of casualties, so our model includes first‐stage decisions to represent the expansion of resources such as warehouses, medical facilities with personnel, ramp spaces, and shelters. Second‐stage decisions concern the logistics of the problem, where allocated resources and contracted transportation assets are deployed to rescue critical population (in need of emergency evacuation), deliver required commodities to stay‐back population, and transport the transfer population displaced by the disaster. Because of the uncertainty of the event's location and severity, these and other parameters are represented as scenarios. Computational results on notional test cases provide guidance on budget allocation and prove the potential benefit of using stochastic optimization.     

Cosmopolitanism and violence: difficulties of judgment

This paper addresses the difficult relation of cosmopolitan ideas to the existence of war and violence. It explores the ambivalences within the cosmopolitan outlook as it seeks to reconcile its attentiveness to the actuality of violence in the modern age with its normative vision of perpetual peace. I address these ambivalences through a discussion of a) what it is to learn from the catastrophes of the twentieth century; b) the contribution Kant's theory of cosmopolitan law to the solution to contemporary problems of violence; c) the reconstruction of cosmopolitan thinking in the wake of the Holocaust as an attempt to take atrocities seriously; d) the application of cosmopolitan criteria to the justification and authorization of humanitarian military intervention; and e) the attempt on the part of Habermas and Derrida to address the ambivalence involved in reconciling cosmopolitanism and violence in Kosovo and Iraq. While cosmopolitanism is usually understood as a reference to a worldly legal and institutional order, the cosmopolitan outlook is also a mode of understanding the world, an ethic of responsibility and an ongoing exercise of political judgment in the face of violence.     

Toward a Descriptive Model of Humanitarian Assistance Coordination

This paper argues that the operating environment of humanitarian assistance is best conceived as an interorganizational social network or regime and that the problem of power and authority in such situations must be re-founded or reconceived accordingly. This contention is developed to contribute to an important ongoing dialogue among analysts concerning how humanitarian aid may most effectively be delivered in the context of a realistic appraisal of the structural and operating conditions in which it is offered. The paper first outlines the primary elements of the organizational environment in which humanitarian efforts must proceed, next suggests a way of thinking about how one might conceive of those conditions that builds on recent work, and then sketches the elements of a strategic contingency approach to the humanitarian assistance coordination dilemma. This analytical frame leads one to rethink assumptions concerning how best to conceptualize both the environment and the behavior of humanitarian organizations engaged in providing assistance in emergency situations and to suggest that theory building for this domain of study should now turn to a network-based and strategically contingent perspective for its foundation.

浅谈人文意识在大学教育中的渗透

大学教育的根本目的是塑造人,大学教育不仅要教给学生实用知识,更应帮助他们形成道德责任感和义务感.人文素质是提高道德感和责任感的基础.在大学教育中渗透人文精神十分必要.渗透的方式应以教师的人格魅力来影响学生,培育沟通宽容和团队协作精神,让学生学会尊重规则,诚信为本.     

多产品救援物资的储备决策:一个扩展的Newsvendor模型

储备一定数量的救援物资用于应对可能的灾害事件对于改善救援工作的绩效有着重要的意义。在考虑救援组织机构面对多种可能的灾害事件的基础上，本文利用一个二阶段交付过程模型来刻画灾害事件发生后救援物资的交付。该模型明确救灾组织在灾害事件发生后首先交付储备物资，如果需求短缺则再综合利用社会捐赠物资和应急采购满足剩余需求。以期望总成本最小化为目标，在需求全部被满足的前提下，本文建立了多产品救援物资的储备决策模型，并给出了其最优解的隐函数形式。进一步，考虑救灾物资储备存在预算限制，研究了具有预算限制的多产品救援物资储备决策模型，并设计了一种二分法的求解算法。数值算例的计算结果则对所建立模型及算法进行了检验。