Documentarians,fair use,and free expression: changes in copyright attitudes and actions with access to best practices

This study, based on a survey of 489 documentary filmmakers, is a case study in copyright policy in and through practice. It assesses the changes in documentary production practice around clearance of copyrighted material since the creation of the Documentary Filmmakers' Statement of Best Practices in fair use in 2005. Fair use, an exotic and occasional feature of documentary film in 2004, has become well known and commonly employed. Creative options for filmmakers concerning the use of third-party material have dramatically improved with changes in norms after the issuing of the Statement. Attitudes about fair use are strongly associated with free expression and creative opportunity, and vary with experience. Where filmmakers have changed work because of copyright concerns, they themselves rather than any gatekeeper have made the decision to do so. Where change is associated with fair use, risk is a common concern. Newer filmmakers are more likely to support the use of copyrighted material to make new work, but less likely to know about fair use, and also more likely to have experienced takedowns online. Both education about and experience with fair use appear to have an effect on practice. Filmmakers continue to lack reliable information on the actual risk landscape, and about fair use on digital platforms.     

Whatever Happened to Drama? A Configurational–Comparative Analysis of Genre Trajectory in American Cinema, 1946–2013

Although usually conceived of and studied as individual types, genres are frequently combined in practice. This research examines how genres are combined in popular American films, and how the popularity of particular combinations changed between 1946 and 2013. Distinguishing between “contextual genres” (which identify a film's subject matter) and “affective genres” (which identify a film's intent), we find marked differences between the postwar and blockbuster eras of the Hollywood film industry. The blockbuster era exhibits less generic diversity than the earlier postwar era. Furthermore, the popular postwar‐era films dealt with serious subjects and were set in realistic settings. The blockbuster era replaced these with intense, nonrealistic films. We also find that the relationship between contextual and affective genres changes within industry eras, with affective genres dominating at the beginning of new periods and the popularity of contextual genres growing as the period progresses.     

论艺术史的影视形状

艺术史纪录片开启了学术界与大众之间的知性之窗和审美之窗。优秀的艺术史纪录片是触及艺术本质的,是可以引发人对艺术与人生进行深刻思考的,并非只是赏心悦目的,光鲜亮丽的,甚至冠冕堂皇的。一个好的艺术史纪录片不论从立意、拍摄还是主持,都应该是率性的,是发自本真的情感流露。     

采购拍卖下混合回收渠道的闭环供应链奖惩契约协调研究

在市场需求不确定下,应用采购拍卖和奖惩契约研究零售商和第三方混合回收的闭环供应链协调问题。针对市场中存在m个制造商、1个零售商和1个第三方回收商的情形,分析目录拍卖-双重奖惩契约机制协调供应链的影响,证明当参数满足一定条件时目录拍卖-双重奖惩契约机制能够协调闭环供应链。     

Production planning and control within a CIM environment: some current developments and requirements for the future

Abstract. This paper considers the integration problems associated with incorporating production planning and control (PP&C) systems within CIM; these problems are typically not differentiated from functionally related problems, and have in the past received relatively little attention. The on-going emergence of a number of standards relevant to manufacturing software systems provides an opportunity to assess the current situation with regard to proprietary PP&C systems and to suggest ways forward towards ‘seamless’ integration of PP&C within the CIM environment. The problems arising from conventional integration approaches are briefly described, and the concept of a simplifying ‘integration platform’ is introduced; the three-schema information architecture is presented as part of this ‘integration simplification’ approach. Current and developing PP&C systems are assessed against a number of information system integration criteria, and the results of a small survey of proprietary packages are presented. The paper concludes that information must be regarded as an enterprise-wide asset, rather than belonging to individual software applications, and that the adoption of relevant standards will enable seamless integration within a three-schema architecture. An increasing number of proprietary packages are adopting standards and methodologies which ease the integration problem significantly.     

Exact confidence bounds for an exponential parameter under hybrid censoring

Consider a life testing experiment in which n units are put on test, successive failure times are recorded, and the observation is terminated either at a specified number r of failures or a specified time T whichever is reached first. This mixture of type I and type II censoring schemes, called hybrid censoring, is of wide use. Under this censoring scheme and the assumption of an exponential life distribution, the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean life 6 is derived. It is then used to construct an exact lower confidence bound for θ.     

当下中国电影公司全产业链经营模式的问题和对策

谋求全产业链布局,已成为当下国内有一定实力的电影公司的集体选择.这些电影公司的全产业链经营模式主要表现为,在传统电影产业链范围内布局,开始向大电影产业链推进,并逐步拓展电影产业链关联业务.但这种全产业链经营模式,无论对于电影公司还是电影产业来说都存在着一定的问题和风险,因此,本文提出了建设专业化电影公司、实施差异化竞争、营造健康产业发展环境等对策性建议.     

介电可调薄膜材料及压控微波器件研究

利用介电可调薄膜材料的调谐特性研制的介质压控微波器件高频特性好、功率容量大、响应速度快,还有易集成、功耗小、成本低、可靠性高的特点,相比半导体管、铁氧体以及MEMS器件有明显的优势。该文系统介绍了近年来国内外介电可调薄膜材料及压控微波器件的研究进展,并结合作者的工作评述了介电可调薄膜材料和压控微波器件的应用情况。除研究最为集中的钛酸锶钡BaxSr1-xTiO3(BST)材料,还介绍了具有较高调谐率的铋基焦绿石铌酸铋镁Bi1.5MgNb1.5O7(BMN)薄膜材料,该材料介电损耗低(约0.002),介电常数适中(约86),温度系数小,是一种极具发展前景的微波介电可调材料。     

Beyond High School

Abstract

This study examined interpersonal heterosexist discrimination by examining self-reported anti-gay behaviors of heterosexual college students. Respondents were 226 college students; 94.9% had perpetrated some form of discriminatory behavior and 32.7% had committed a behavior that was rated as moderately harmful or higher. A higher amount of self-reported discriminatory behavior was associated with being male, having more homophobic attitudes, and having lower GPAs. Discriminatory behaviors were not related to political ideology, religious influence, or interaction with gay men and lesbians. Neither discriminatory behaviors nor homophobic attitudes were related to academic year, age, membership in a social fraternity/sorority, or membership on an intercollegiate athletic team.     

Hybrid Processing of Stochastic and Subjective Uncertainty Data

Uncertainty analyses typically recognize separate stochastic and subjective sources of uncertainty, but do not systematically combine the two, although a large amount of data used in analyses is partly stochastic and partly subjective. We have developed methodology for mathematically combining stochastic and subjective sources of data uncertainty, based on new "hybrid number" approaches. The methodology can be utilized in conjunction with various traditional techniques, such as PRA (probabilistic risk assessment) and risk analysis decision support. Hybrid numbers have been previously examined as a potential method to represent combinations of stochastic and subjective information, but mathematical processing has been impeded by the requirements inherent in the structure of the numbers, e.g., there was no known way to multiply hybrids. In this paper, we will demonstrate methods for calculating with hybrid numbers that avoid the difficulties. By formulating a hybrid number as a probability distribution that is only fuzzily known, or alternatively as a random distribution of fuzzy numbers, methods are demonstrated for the full suite of arithmetic operations, permitting complex mathematical calculations. It will be shown how information about relative subjectivity (the ratio of subjective to stochastic knowledge about a particular datum) can be incorporated. Techniques are also developed for conveying uncertainty information visually, so that the stochastic and subjective components of the uncertainty, as well as the ratio of knowledge about the two, are readily apparent. The techniques demonstrated have the capability to process uncertainty information for independent, uncorrelated data, and for some types of dependent and correlated data. Example applications are suggested, illustrative problems are shown, and graphical results are given.