Inference of the derivative of nonparametric curve based on confidence distribution

Abstract

This paper focuses on inference based on the confidence distributions of the nonparametric regression function and its derivatives, in which dependent inferences are combined by obtaining information about their dependency structure. We first give a motivating example in production operation system to illustrate the necessity of the problems studied in this paper in practical applications. A goodness-of-fit test for polynomial regression model is proposed on the basis of the idea of combined confidence distribution inference, which is the Fisher’s combination statistic in some cases. On the basis of this testing results, a combined estimator for the p-order derivative of nonparametric regression function is provided as well as its large sample size properties. Consequently, the performances of the proposed test and estimation method are illustrated by three specific examples. Finally, the motivating example is analyzed in detail. The simulated and real data examples illustrate the good performance and practicability of the proposed methods based on confidence distribution.     

劳动的社会价值测度研究

当今，知识和信息技术的价值化和产业化使得一般人类劳动出现了体力劳动和脑力劳动的分化，且有不同的价值体现，故马克思提出的简单劳动和复杂劳动需要重新定义，将体力劳动定义为简单劳动，脑力劳动定义为复杂劳动。简单劳动是一次耗费，一次凝结并物化到劳动产品的价值中，而复杂劳动是整体或连续性的凝结到知识及与知识相关的产品中。简单劳动和复杂劳动的价值测度模型表明：在完美市场状态下，如果简单劳动的社会劳动生产率提高，那么复杂劳动者的价值也会相应提高。据此，我国要建立健全劳动力市场，就要注重劳动的平等性，对于复杂劳动要建立长效的报酬机制，鼓励创新和社会价值的提升；对于简单劳动要建立充分的竞争机制，给予简单劳动者二次分配后的社会福利与收入补贴。     

基于土地综合体概念的土地科学学科体系建设

学科体系建设是当前土地科学领域的热点话题,土地科学学科体系建设应当以土地概念为基石和核心. 土地是自然因素和人文因素综合作用的产物,是自然-人文综合体,综合体是土地概念的科学内核. 土地科学是以土地综合体为研究对象,其学科独特性在于将土地作为综合体进行研究,关注土地构成因素的相互作用及综合表现. 土地综合体研究服务于人类认识、利用和改造土地综合体的实践活动,包括基础性、应用性和工程性三个层次,土地科学学科体系据此可构建为基础性研究、应用性研究和工程性研究三大模块. 根据研究土地综合体的视角、方法或内容不同,土地科学一级学科三大模块之下可进一步分为六大二级学科(包括土地资源、土地利用、土地经营、土地管理、土地整治和土地保护)、三十多个三级学科和百余个研究方向. 土地科学的各个二级和三级学科都能够在土地综合体研究中找到恰当的定位.     

Wavelet‐Based Testing for Serial Correlation of Unknown Form in Panel Models

Wavelet analysis is a new mathematical method developed as a unified field of science over the last decade or so. As a spatially adaptive analytic tool, wavelets are useful for capturing serial correlation where the spectrum has peaks or kinks, as can arise from persistent dependence, seasonality, and other kinds of periodicity. This paper proposes a new class of generally applicable wavelet‐based tests for serial correlation of unknown form in the estimated residuals of a panel regression model, where error components can be one‐way or two‐way, individual and time effects can be fixed or random, and regressors may contain lagged dependent variables or deterministic/stochastic trending variables. Our tests are applicable to unbalanced heterogenous panel data. They have a convenient null limit N(0,1) distribution. No formulation of an alternative model is required, and our tests are consistent against serial correlation of unknown form even in the presence of substantial inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals. This is in contrast to existing serial correlation tests for panel models, which ignore inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals by assuming a common alternative, and thus have no power against the alternatives where the average of serial correlations among individuals is close to zero. We propose and justify a data‐driven method to choose the smoothing parameter—the finest scale in wavelet spectral estimation, making the tests completely operational in practice. The data‐driven finest scale automatically converges to zero under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation and diverges to infinity as the sample size increases under the alternative, ensuring the consistency of our tests. Simulation shows that our tests perform well in small and finite samples relative to some existing tests.     

具有Fabry缺项整函数系数的高阶齐次线性微分方程的复振荡

考虑具有Fabry缺项整函数系数的高阶齐次线性微分方程,得到的结果是J.K.Langley结果的扩展和补充。     

论威廉·福克纳的乡恋情结

福克纳是美国“南方文学派”最重要的作家,其“约克纳帕塔法世系”小说是以南方为背景创造的。他在作品中表露出深深的乡恋情结,这是他对故土的热爱,也是他对精神家园的寻觅。他面对近代文明作出了痛苦的抉择     

配合物ErI3.2CS（NH2）2.10H2O的制备及表征

本文根据０℃时碘化铒－硫脲（ＣＳ（ＮＨ２）２－水三元体系相平衡数据,确定了配合物ＥｒＩ３．２ＣＳ（ＮＨ２）２．１０Ｈ２Ｏ的制备方法,并对所得 进行化学分析、Ｘ－射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、差热分析,测定其密度,折光指数及轴性,确定配合物结构中的配位关系。     

复杂网络社区结构问题综述

本文从社区的定义,社区结构评价指标,社区发现算法几个方面对复杂网络社区结构问题进行了综述。对现有的几种对社区的定义进行了较详细的阐述,介绍了几种比较有代表性的评价指标,并对复杂网络社区发现算法进行了分类总结,最后对复杂网络社区结构的发展做出展望。     

语句感知难度的层次分析佐证

汉语中存在许多名词修饰名词的偏正结构,如“父亲的父亲的父亲”等,这种结构潜在多种切分可能。通过语句感知难度的计算方法,可以发现这种结构的层次具有“左向切分”的普遍性。同时,语句感知难度的计算对一些传统的语句切分提出了质疑。     

屈原帝王情结探析

帝王情结是屈原文化个性的重要体现。忠君、尊君、骥君、思君、罪君、惜君、哀君、伤君、痛君等复杂微妙的心理情感构成了屈原帝王情结的深邃内涵,这份凝重的帝王情结缘于屈原心中对楚国深沉的挚爱。先秦帝、王观念是屈原帝王情结生成的重要心理渊源,儒家先王崇拜思想是屈原帝王情节生成的文化渊源,而宗法观念最终促进了屈原帝王情结的形成。