Limites et pertinence de la guerre juste face au terrorisme et aux nouvelles guerres

This article aims to examine the pertinence as well as the limits of the just war theory in order to apprehend the ethical issues raised by contemporary forms of political violence. Terrorism is undoubtedly an extreme case of political violence that puts to the test the theoretical and practical relevance of jus ad bellum and jus in bello principles. From a sociological point of view, it appears necessary to understand contemporary terrorism within the historical evolution of armed conflicts and under the light of current research devoted to the concept of ‘new wars’. Although I will argue that just war theory does not sufficiently take into account current studies on the empirical features of contemporary wars, it is nonetheless possible to salvage the theoretical and practical relevance of just war theory in a more specified sense. From a philosophical point of view, the goal of this article is to confront the theoretical and practical relevance of just war theory with the current body of research in the field of the sociology of war in order to assess both its limitations and its potential scope.     

多元法律文化互动的多元透视

传统的比较法研究仅仅注重对不同法律文化的比较 ,而未能关注不同法律文化的互动问题。在当今世界 ,多元法律文化的互动是一个正在改变世界法律文化格局、影响各国法律发展走向的基本现象。从功能论的角度透视 ,多元法律文化的互动表现为功能上的比较和竞争。互动法则是优胜劣汰 ,即功能好者、强者得势 ,功能差者、弱者淘汰。从解释学的角度透视 ,多元法律文化的互动表现为不同法律文化意义系统的互相解释、互相渗透、互相融合。互动的结果不是一方取代另一方 ,而是双方都被对方所改变 ,渐次达到互相融合。从冲突论的角度透视 ,法律文化的冲突不过是不同社会群体、阶级或阶层之间的社会冲突的一方面。一种法律文化在冲突中处于何种地位 ,取决于法律文化的倡导者在整个社会的冲突中处于何种地位     

我们的四个误区及其反思--对当前我国维护社会稳定工作的社会学思考

维护社会稳定是社会经济发展的基本前提,然而,在我国维护社会稳定的实际操作过程中,还存在着一些长期遗留的误区.其主要是第一,过于强调社会要素的稳定,忽视了社会结构的稳定;第二,过于强调资源配置的集中,忽视了社会分化的影响;第三,过于强调社会冲突的负功能,忽视了对手段性冲突的引导;第四,过于强调政府在社会控制中的作用,忽视了中介组织的调节.     

网络冲突与文化认同

在网络冲突中不仅以数字的方式模拟了现实社会的冲突．而且也折射了现实社会的脱序状态,文化的认同是社会和谐的助推器,只有从内外净化网络文化环境。增进文化认同,缓和网络冲突,促进网络和谐。才有真正意义的和谐社会。     

特殊的视角与独特的历史——西方和谐社会理论的冲突论基础

从西方政治思想史的角度研究冲突理论的发展脉络及其模式是一种新的尝试,虽然社会学理论也曾试图对冲突理论进行历史性考察,但其理论根源通常是止于马克思,尽管存在对柏拉图等人的研究,但对他们的冲突理论的研究缺乏系统的归纳和整理,使他们的冲突理论依然没能独立出来,而且对他们之间的历史联系也未曾给予必要的关注。这里,我们从政治学的角度比较系统地探讨了冲突理论的发展阶段,其代表性的冲突理论包括托马斯.阿奎那冲突模式理论;马基亚维利的冲突模式理论;圭恰迪尼的冲突模式理论;霍布斯冲突模式理论;卢梭的民主冲突观;博林布鲁克冲突模式理论;自由主义多元论;马克思主义两极冲突模式理论;和谐主义冲突模式。     

如何科学合理地做好家庭经济困难学生认定工作

本文指出了我国高校现行的对家庭经济困难学生认定工作的现状和存在的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出了一些合理的建议：了解我国大学生资助政策,受资助学生作诚信承诺以及辅导员深入家访等;旨在增强国家对大学生的资助力度,使我国大学生资助体系变得更加合理和完善。     

虚拟社会分层——兼与现实社会分层比较

人类历次科技革命都对社会形态产生了巨大影响,今天信息技术革命对社会形态的显著影响表现为虚拟社会的兴起,使得社会存在两副社会结构:现实社会结构与虚拟社会结构。论题基于社会分层视角,对虚拟社会结构展开实证研究,将虚拟社会结构分为五个阶层,并对照其现实社会分层位置,研究发现虚拟社会分层将那些现实社会底层推向虚拟社会上层,而现实社会上层则处于虚拟社会底层。这种阶层位置倒置对现实社会秩序产生强烈的冲击,这也正是今天社会治理的重要面向。     

Work–family conflict: The importance of differentiating between different facets of job characteristics

This review study clarifies the relationships between job characteristics and work–family conflict (WFC) by differentiating among three facets of job characteristics: latent, perceived, and enacted. To date, research linking job characteristics to WFC has not distinguished the facets of job demands and job resources in this way. Such distinctions are important as a means of understanding the affective, behavioural, and cognitive processes involved in determining how and when job characteristics relate to WFC. Our review of 115 studies showed that perceived job characteristics have been most commonly explored in relation to WFC, whereas latent and enacted job characteristics have been hardly examined. While these findings may not be surprising, our contribution lies in reviewing the literature through the lens of these categories. Based on the findings, and through highlighting examples in the extant literature, we argue that understanding job characteristics in terms of both how they are perceived and enacted by workers will provide a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between job characteristics and WFC. In order to inform evidence-based interventions, future research must uncover the dynamic mechanisms underpinning the connection between job characteristics and WFC through a focus on enacted job facets and the cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes involved.     

马克思恩格斯的劳资利益关系思想

近年来，随着非公有制经济的发展，非公有制领域就业人口的逐渐增多，劳资矛盾冲突问题越来越突出。劳资关系是马克思恩格斯研究的核心，通过分析资本对劳动的剥削理论，马克思恩格斯构建起来科学社会主义的理论大厦。马克思恩格斯的劳资关系思想主要包括劳资关系形成的基础、资本对劳动的剥削与劳资矛盾、资本对劳动的权力、资本积累收入差距、工会在劳资关系中的作用、世界市场与国际劳资关系等内容。     

Double trouble: work–family conflict and well-being for second job holders

The purpose of this study was to provide an initial investigation into the work–family conflict (WFC) experiences of individuals who hold a second job. Specifically, we proposed two opposing theoretical arguments regarding the relationship between WFC and four measures of well-being: life satisfaction, physical health, emotional exhaustion, and exercise for individuals who hold two jobs. In a sample of individuals working two jobs, we tested whether the effects of WFC arising from the first job and from the second job exerted an additive or interactive effect on employee well-being. Our results indicated that for emotional exhaustion, physical symptoms, and life satisfaction, the effects of WFC from two jobs are interactive; but that for exercise, the effects of WFC from two jobs are additive. In both cases, the additional WFC experienced as a result of working a second job contributed to the prediction of employee well-being over and above WFC from the first job. Results are discussed within the context of relevant theory, and suggestions are made for future research.