上市公司董事薪酬决定的利益冲突及法律规制研究

上市公司董事薪酬制度是公司治理的重要组成部分,各国公司法大多允许股东会或董事会决定董事薪酬并规定相应的决定机制。在公司董事薪酬决定过程中存在着利益冲突问题,从而削弱了公司治理的有效性,导致董事对公司与股东利益的侵害。为此,有必要通过关联董事表决权回避、股东参与权保障、股权激励机制运用以及董事薪酬信息披露等制度对董事薪酬决定的利益冲突进行法律规制。     

Bridging the work-family policy and productivity gap: A literature review

This paper uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the relationship between work-family conflict and six work outcomes: performance, turnover, absenteeism, organizational commitment, job involvement, and burnout. Also reviewed are studies on the effects of employer (work-family) policies aimed at reducing such conflict. Policies to aid employees in managing work and family roles can be expensive, and studies show that they are often marginally effective. The review shows that relationships between work-family policies and organizational effectiveness is mixed and their connection to work-family conflict often under-examined. Work-family conflict is a critical link that may shed light on policy impacts. Suggestions on how future studies can build bridges between practitioners and academics and more clearly examine organizational effectiveness links are provided.     

文明对话的发展及其世界意义

苏联解体 ,冷战结束 ,美国哈佛大学著名学者亨廷顿提出“文明冲突论”。他认为一场新的冷战为期不远 ,所不同的是已经过去的冷战是以意识形态为分野 ,而新的冷战是以文化为界线 ;过去的威胁是苏联 ,现在的威胁则是伊斯兰教—儒教的联盟。他的这个论点 ,国际大部分学者很难苟同。美国哈佛大学另一位著名学者杜维明教授则力主“文明对话论” ,他相信多元文化并存 ,通过对话和理解 ,通过各种文化自身的反省与变革 ,人类一定会迎来一个充满希望的新世纪。为此 ,几年来他在世界各地组织并参加一些“文明对话”的国际学术讨论会。在他的带动下 , 2 0 0 2年 8月哈佛大学—燕京学社与南京大学在南京召开了“文明对话国际学术讨论会” ,这是一次穆斯林学者与非穆斯林学者的文明对话的学术讨论会。本刊 2 0 0 2年第 4期已选载了这次会议的部分学术论文。在这次会议上杜维明先生发表了题为“文明对话的发展及其世界意义”的演讲 ,他视野开阔 ,观点新颖 ,在与会学者中引起很大的反响他认为很多杰出的学者已经看到亨廷顿“文明冲突论”非常狭隘的二分法破绽。如果要在全球化的过程中使各种不同的民族文化能够逐渐地在合而不同的背景下生存就需要通过对话,逐渐发展出生命共同 体的意愿 ;通过对话 ,大家都具有和平共     

美与善的绝望诉求——“守望者”霍尔顿的心理分析

在对《麦田里的守望者》文本细读中,可以见出霍尔顿乖张情绪和迷惑行为背后隐藏着的心理矛盾其实是善与关的斗争;它来自于主人公的父性原则（崇善）与母性人格（恋关）的双重强大,他的遁世愿望和童心祈求与欲望的强烈构成了性格的既冲突又相互依存的两面。     

Kirkuk conflict in its ethnic/political media: the Turkmen newspaper Alqal'a as a model

This article explores the Kirkuk conflict through the Turkmens’ newspaper Alqal'a. Using agenda-setting and framing/priming for theoretical background and qualitative content analysis as a method, two macro-themes, related to the conflict, are found to be fundamental therein. These two main themes are: (1) exclusion and (2) self-confirmation. The two macro-themes overarch several micro- or sub-themes and are closely related to each other. They are set to inform the readers about what to think and how to think about the conflict. While ‘exclusion’ constitutes the cause, ‘self-confirmation’ is the latter's effect.     

二十世纪初的游动摊贩与中国城市社会生活——以武汉、上海为中心的考察

游动摊贩是活跃在古今中外、城市乡村的一个社会群体。在近代中国城市社会,游动摊贩遭遇了新的生机与挑战。都市的胸襟确实给他们提供了谋生的机会,但即便他们练就五花八门的生存技艺,却依旧无法摆脱漂移不定的生活境遇。他们与都市居民形成了良好的互动,与市民日常生活相伴相生,成为美妙的城市之音。然而,其难以避免的不良习性,又成为城市社会不和谐的音符。在近代中国市政建设和城市管理浪潮中,摊贩被纳入国家强力控制范围,他们因生计问题与市容交通之悖时而与市政当局滋生冲突。尽管面对国家公权的暴力执法,大多小贩无力应对而选择忍受避让,但当生存受到威胁时,他们也会联合起来,采取激烈的抗拒行为,以维护自己的基本生存权和生活方式。冲突的结果是,市政当局回到体恤民生的政策与实践轨道上来,终归重获地方社会的秩序和安宁。     

我们的四个误区及其反思--对当前我国维护社会稳定工作的社会学思考

维护社会稳定是社会经济发展的基本前提,然而,在我国维护社会稳定的实际操作过程中,还存在着一些长期遗留的误区.其主要是第一,过于强调社会要素的稳定,忽视了社会结构的稳定;第二,过于强调资源配置的集中,忽视了社会分化的影响;第三,过于强调社会冲突的负功能,忽视了对手段性冲突的引导;第四,过于强调政府在社会控制中的作用,忽视了中介组织的调节.     

多元法律文化互动的多元透视

传统的比较法研究仅仅注重对不同法律文化的比较 ,而未能关注不同法律文化的互动问题。在当今世界 ,多元法律文化的互动是一个正在改变世界法律文化格局、影响各国法律发展走向的基本现象。从功能论的角度透视 ,多元法律文化的互动表现为功能上的比较和竞争。互动法则是优胜劣汰 ,即功能好者、强者得势 ,功能差者、弱者淘汰。从解释学的角度透视 ,多元法律文化的互动表现为不同法律文化意义系统的互相解释、互相渗透、互相融合。互动的结果不是一方取代另一方 ,而是双方都被对方所改变 ,渐次达到互相融合。从冲突论的角度透视 ,法律文化的冲突不过是不同社会群体、阶级或阶层之间的社会冲突的一方面。一种法律文化在冲突中处于何种地位 ,取决于法律文化的倡导者在整个社会的冲突中处于何种地位     

Women's “Justification” of Domestic Violence in Egypt

We explored the influences of women's social learning, marital resources and constraints, and exposure to norms about women's family roles on their views about wife hitting or beating among 5,450 participants in the 2005 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. One half justified wife hitting or beating for some reason. Women from rural areas who were exposed to domestic violence more often justified such acts. Dependent wives whose husbands had more schooling, were blood relatives, and were coresident more often justified such acts. In settings where women tended to marry at older ages, women less often justified such acts. Women's resources and constraints in marriage accounted for the largest share of the variability in their attitudes about domestic violence against women.     

Limites et pertinence de la guerre juste face au terrorisme et aux nouvelles guerres

This article aims to examine the pertinence as well as the limits of the just war theory in order to apprehend the ethical issues raised by contemporary forms of political violence. Terrorism is undoubtedly an extreme case of political violence that puts to the test the theoretical and practical relevance of jus ad bellum and jus in bello principles. From a sociological point of view, it appears necessary to understand contemporary terrorism within the historical evolution of armed conflicts and under the light of current research devoted to the concept of ‘new wars’. Although I will argue that just war theory does not sufficiently take into account current studies on the empirical features of contemporary wars, it is nonetheless possible to salvage the theoretical and practical relevance of just war theory in a more specified sense. From a philosophical point of view, the goal of this article is to confront the theoretical and practical relevance of just war theory with the current body of research in the field of the sociology of war in order to assess both its limitations and its potential scope.