科研论文中“参考文献”与“注释”之辩正

科研论文中参考文献和注释的注录存在一些明显不同的做法,从而使这一问题显得比较随意和混乱。从参考文献和注释的内涵以及内在区分考虑,引文(包括直接引文和间接引文)应以参考文献而不是注释形式加以标明;参考文献一般应标明具体页码,注释则一般不存在指明页码的问题;注释应置于参考文献之前。     

虚拟社区话语冲突研究——以天涯社区为例

以天涯社区为样本,对虚拟社区话语冲突现状进行了研究。虚拟社区话语冲突主要表现为三种形式:管理人员与社区人员之间的冲突,意见领袖之间的冲突,普通网民与资深网民之间的冲突。这种冲突具有普遍性、激烈性、流动性、散漫性和现实性。虚拟社区离不开冲突,在冲突中运行,在冲突中平衡,并在冲突中发挥其功能的。     

清末川边屯垦与牧争地问题探析

清末川边屯垦是清政府推行“新政”期间,在四川西部边区着力经营的开发项目,对四川边区农业生产的发展曾经起过一定的促进作用。但屯垦过程中暴露出的垦牧争地矛盾和由此引发的社会问题,以及经营者试图采取的某些改进措施,都为经营川边开发留下了发人深省的启示。     

Family and child characteristics linking neighborhood context and child externalizing behavior

Neighborhood conditions are related to children's externalizing behavior, although few processes that help explain this association have been identified. With data from 189 primarily low‐income Anglo and Mexican American families, we tested a stress process model that included 3 potential mediators of this relationship. The results showed that child stressful life events, association with deviant peers, and parent‐child conflict mediated the relationship between neighborhood context and child externalizing behavior when household income and maternal depression were controlled. The model explained more than 25% of the variance in externalizing behavior. Furthermore, differences in results for families with a U.S.‐born versus Mexico‐born mother showed that neighborhood influences on families and children may be quite complex.     

Combating Conflicting Messages of Values: A Closer Look at Parental Strategies

This study examined how parents respond when their children encounter values outside the home that conflict with family values. Forty‐eight middle‐class European American parents completed questionnaires consisting of 11 vignettes asking how they would respond to hypothetical situations where outside sources posed potential conflicts with parental values to their adolescent child (M age of child=13.33 years). We identified five strategies that parents might use: controlled cocooning, reasoned cocooning, compromise, pre‐arming, and deference. Parents in the study enlisted all five strategies, with reasoned cocooning and pre‐arming occurring most frequently. The self‐reported importance of values to parents was the most important predictor of which strategy parents used, with parents using more controlling strategies to defend values that were most important to them. Importance of values also mediated the relation between religion and the parent's self‐reported desire for the child's compliance on personal issues, and parental strategy choice. This study is among the first to examine alternative parental strategies for regulating children's values acquisition outside the home, and shows that the extent of parental control is related to the importance of specific values to the parent.     

从爱情悲剧论哈代的女性观

本文试从哈代的三部小说《还乡》、《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》中的女主人公游苔莎、苔丝、淑所遭遇的爱情悲剧来反观作者的女性观:作为19世纪的批判现实主义作家,哈代对于女性追求自由和幸福的强烈愿望及所遭受到的社会和环境的压制寄予了深切的同情;而另一方面,哈代的女性观虽具有超越时代性,但依旧未能从本质上揭露造成女性悲剧的社会原因,也尚未指出明确的改造道路。哈代笔下的女性大都难逃悲惨的命运,常给读者留下“幻灭”的印象。     

论当代大众文化中的主体性问题

当下的“大众文化”现象包含着深刻的“主体性”问题,大众文化完全可以使大众的“主体意识”获得一次普遍的伸张与提升。然而,事实上大众的主体性并未借此机会得到提升,究其原因可以从大众文化生产主体,大众文化传播主体,大众文化接受主体三方面考察。     

知识产权国际保护的法律渊源

知识产权的国际保护包括直接调整和间接调整两种方式 ,分析这两方面的内容可知 ,知识产权国际保护的法律渊源包括国内法、国际条约和冲突法。随着经济的发展和科学的进步 ,全面了解各种渊源形式 ,采取相应的保护方法 ,对于知识产权权利人的各项权利的保护具有重要的意义。     

农民工多元身份形成的文化诱因分析

在中国城市化进程中,农民工群体逐渐从起点基本相同的利益阶层分化为不同层次的利益个体,不同的文化背景就是造成分化的隐形因素.无论是以学历和职业技能水平为判断标准的表层文化体系,还是以民族、地域等人文特征划分的深层文化风格,都在潜移默化的影响或制约着农民工产业、地域、职业等身份的获得.文化背景差异造成了农民工群体在面对风险、利益及代际传承时经常出现两难选择,进退矛盾日益凸显.通过对文化诱因的经济学梳理,本文认为教育是克服贫困的治本良药,不同教育层次和质量的提升是解决文化困境的根本途径.     

论政治合作

政治是零和博弈,但重复博弈的结果是政治主体都寻求政治合作,因此是正和博弈。尤其是在资源匮乏的条件下,合作更成为必然,因为只有合作,生存斗争才能有望获得胜利,尽管这是无奈的选择。在资本主义条件下,政治合作是资产者之间为了更有效的获得利益的工具,同时政治合作也是政治冲突中的协商机制。