Gender differences in antifat attitudes

Abstract

Differences between women and men in the expression of prejudice toward obese people coexist with widespread antifat attitudes. It has been argued that these differences stem from women's tendency to internalize the social norm of slimness and to develop eating concerns, while men tend to resort to externalization and to showing antifat attitudes. Data obtained from 597 students (264 male and 333 female) revealed that men showed more prejudice against obese people, and that women had high scores in eating problems questionnaires. Finally, it is discussed why men and women adopt different strategies to deal with the social norm of thinness.     

《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》对思想政治教育的启示

《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》是1845年由马克思撰写的一个要点式提纲,被恩格斯称之为“包含着新世界观的天才萌芽的第一个文件”。从马克思的实践观、人与环境和教育关系理论、人的本质理论这三个视角探讨了《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》对思想政治教育的启示。     

中美思想政治教育实施途径比较

中国和美国虽然社会制度和意识形态不同,但都很重视思想政治教育的作用.两国都开展学校教育、家庭教育和社会教育,但具体的实施措施却有很大的差别.总的来说,目前的美国思想政治教育的效果要优于我国,这与其实施途径的作用是分不开的.比较中关思想政治教育的实施途径,吸取其精华,有利于改善我国思想政治教育的实施途径,提高思想政治教育的作用.     

高校思想政治教育信任机制研究

当前,受社会价值多元化、大学生自身素质不够高、思想政治教学内容和方法欠妥等因素的影响,不少高校思想政治教育的针对性、实效性越来越差,产生了高校思想政治教育的信任危机.大学生正值人生观、价值观形成的关键期,思想政治教育的好坏影响其走向社会后的行为.应当根据大学生需求,因材施教,采取灵活的教学方法,激发大学生的学习兴趣,逐步促成大学生对思想政治教育的信任和自觉接纳.     

创新创业文化与思想政治教育对接的综合研究——基于创业文化视野下的大学生就业能力培养

不断提升大学生的就业能力是素质教育的重要目标之一。将创新创业文化与思想政治教育有机结合,通过世界观、方法论的引领,帮助广大青年学生树立崇高的人生理想,并通过教育引导学生掌握创业创新文化的基本知识,使大学生增强自信心,拓宽就业知识面,增加成功创业的几率,从根本上有效缓解大学生就业难、难就业的现状。     

Long-term effects of childbearing on mortality: Evidence from pre-industrial Sweden

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of childbearing history on later-life mortality for ever-married men and women using historical micro-level data of high quality for southern Sweden. The analysis uses a Cox proportional hazards model, estimating the effects on old-age mortality of number of births and timing of first and last births. By studying the effects of previous childbearing on mortality by sex and social status, we also gain important insights into the mechanisms relating childbearing to mortality in old age. The results show that number of children ever born had a statistically significant negative impact on longevity after age 50 for females but not for males. Analysis by social group shows that only landless women experienced higher mortality from having more children, which seems to indicate that the main explanations are to be found in social or economic conditions specific to females, rather than in the strictly biological or physiological effects of childbearing.     

Explaining age differences in women’s emotional well-being: The role of subjective experiences of aging

ABSTRACT

Our study examines explanations for the “paradox” of older women’s better emotional well-being compared with younger women. We consider the role of subjective experiences of aging in a society that devalues older women. Using a sample of women (n = 872) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (1995–1996 and 2004–2006), we examine the role of five components of the subjective experience of aging in explaining older women’s better emotional well-being compared with younger women: age identity, conceptions of the timing of middle age, aging attitudes, aging anxieties, and self-assessed physiological changes. We find that, compared with women 50–54 years old, those 35–39 years old report lower positive affect, and those 25–49 report higher negative affect. These patterns are partially explained by younger women’s greater anxiety about declines in health and attractiveness and older women’s more youthful identities. Our study underscores the value of considering the implications of our ageist and sexist society for women’s emotional well-being across adulthood.     

Thoughts on Innovation in Mainstream Ideology Research

主流意识形态与中国哲学社会科学创新体系具有紧密的联系, 创新主流意识形态 研究方式, 既是当代中国一个重要的理论与现实命题, 亦是中国哲学社会科学创新体 系的前提。创新中国主流意识形态研究方式, 有三个重要的维度: 一是从文明格局的 高度创新主流意识形态研究方式, 把握主流意识形态的历史连续性与文化特性, 反对 历史虚无主义和历史复古主义; 二是以包容并蓄的方式拓展、丰富主流意识形态研究 的视角与内容, 在研究创新中优化主导地位, 克服居高临下的意识形态傲慢和无力失 语的意识形态虚弱症状; 三是秉承开放学习的心态对国外主流意识形态进行比较研 究, 在借鉴交流中维护我国的主流意识形态安全, 克服封闭自语和盲目崇外的意识形 态研究套路, 创造无愧于时代的意识形态新文化。

关键词: 主流意识形态 哲学社会科学创新 意识形态安全

Mainstream ideology is closely related with the innovation system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Innovation in mainstream ideology research is of theoretical and practical significance to contemporary China, and constitutes a precondition for the establishment of an innovation system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Innovation in mainstream ideology research involves three important aspects. First, we should innovate mainstream ideology research in terms of the pattern of civilizations, that is, to grasp the historical continuity and cultural identity of mainstream ideology and oppose historical nihilism and revivalism. Second, we should adopt an inclusive approach to mainstream ideology research to bring in different perspectives and enrich the content of research, and to optimize its guiding role and overcome both ideological arrogance and ideological aphasia. And third, we must be open-minded in carrying out a comparative analysis of mainstream ideologies of other countries. In exchanges with and learning from other countries, we should protect the safety of mainstream Chinese ideology and avoid both self-contained isolationism and a blind worship of foreign things. In this way, we can develop a new ideological culture that is worthy of our times.     

论改革开放初期党的思想政治工作的基本经验

从1978年12月十一届三中全会的召开到1982年9月的中共十二大,是改革开放的起始阶段,也是我党进行拨乱反正的重要时期。坚持思想政治工作的“生命线”地位,坚持正面教育为主的同时掌握好批评的武器,充分发挥人民群众在思想政治工作中的主观能动性和创造性,促进思想政治工作科学化,是这一时期思想政治工作的基本经验。     

Examining Sex Differences in the Use of Direct and Indirect Aggression

Direct and indirect aggressive behaviors were studied using surveys and interviews of students in two public schools. The variables of “sex-of-aggressor” and “sex-of-target” were included. Claims in previous research that girls engage in far more indirect aggression than boys are not supported. Further, it was found that girls are more likely to target the opposite sex with direct aggression than boys. This suggests more gender fluidity in the use of aggression by girls and adds to a growing body of research that dispels the notion that direct and indirect aggression can be neatly sorted into male and female categories of behavior.