转投资概念与立法模式的反思

作为公司扩大经营的方式,转投资行为在目前公司运营中极为普遍,而学界往往忽视转投资概念背后的立法模式选择,就站在各自角度对之进行概念界定。实际上我国公司转投资立法模式经历了一个从国家强制到公司自治的发展历程,新公司法中的公司转投资立法模式适应了我国经济发展的需要,实现了公司本质的回归,促进了公司的发展,但是依旧存在适用转投资信息披露制度的公司范围过窄、公司高层转投资法律责任空缺、越权转投资行为效力不明等制度上的缺陷,从学理上而言,其对社会经济和公司自身发展产生负面影响,因此我们必须改变完全放弃管理的做法,在公司转投资问题上采用公司自治与有限规制相结合的立法模式。     

Has the Lewis Turning Point Arrived in China?—Theoretical Analysis and International Experience

各国农业劳动力占总劳动力的比重随着各国人均GDP增长呈现先加速下降而后减 速下降的趋势, 分界点就是刘易斯转折点。跨国平行数据的回归结果表明, 刘易斯转 折点在人均GDP为3,000-4,000美元 (购买力平价2000年国际美元) 之间出现。中国的 人均GDP超越了这一水平, 但农业劳动力比重远高于该经济发展水平下的世界平均水 平, 这很可能意味着中国的农业劳动力转移仍有较大潜力。

关键词: 刘易斯转折点 劳动力转移 跨国平行数据

Using World Bank cross-country panel data to estimate the economic development level that corresponds to the Lewis turning point, we find that as GDP per capita increases, the share of rural labor in the total labor force tends to decrease first at an accelerated rate and then, after passing the Lewis turning point, at a reduced rate. Regression analysis of cross- country panel data shows that the Lewis turning point is reached when GDP per capita reaches somewhere between US$3,000 and US$4,000 dollars (PPP, constant international US dollars for the year 2000). GDP per capita in China has exceeded this level, but the proportion of rural labor in the total labor force remains much higher than the average for countries at the same level of economic development. This may imply that there is still considerable potential for rural labor transfer in China.     

我国劳动力供给优势减弱与劳动力转移的优化

近年来，对于我国劳动力供给优势减弱以及劳动力成本上升的问题，不少学者利用刘易斯模型分析了其原因，并提出各种促进、完善我国农村剩余劳动力转移机制的政策措施。文章仍从分析这一问题的经典模型——刘易斯模型入手，但重点借鉴了日本的成功经验，为促进我国农村剩余劳动力转移提出了一系列对策。     

中国非英语专业大学生汉语和英语阅读观念关系研究

借助“语言阈限假设”理论，调查汉语与英语阅读观念关系问题。研究发现，学生的汉语和英语阅读观念是不同的。汉语阅读观念在英语阅读观念的解释上有极大的作用；英语水平的贡献在许多方面也是显著的，但影响较小。语言阈限的概念不适用于汉语和英语间阅读观念的转移。     

Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer in Comparative Welfare State Research

For many years, comparative welfare state research has followed a ‘methodological nationalism’ in the sense that countries were treated as independent units. Yet the recent ‘spatial turn’ in comparative politics has also influenced welfare state research. For some years now, the field has been witnessing a growing interest in questions about interdependencies and policy diffusion between countries. In this article, we provide a structured overview of the state of the art in the policy diffusion and transfer literature that deals specifically with social policy. We present and critically evaluate existing theoretical concepts and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that enable the analysis of interdependencies between countries. Moreover, we summarize the empirical findings of quantitative and qualitative studies on the diffusion and transfer of social policy, from some pioneering studies to the latest findings. Against this background we point out what we believe to be promising avenues for future research. We focus on five areas: theoretical work on the mechanisms underlying diffusion and transfer; methodological approaches; the impact of domestic institutions and policy characteristics on social policy diffusion and transfer; programme‐specific dynamics; and the systematic combination of horizontal and vertical interdependencies.     

AGING,RETIREMENT AND SOCIAL SECURITY IN A MODEL OF INTEREST GROUPS

The assessment of the degree of genetic variation in a natural population, and the nature of that variation, is of central importance in both theoretical and applied population studies. Two “variance” results in population genetics theory are presented. For the first, expressions are found for the expected difference in the estimates of genetic variation in a population obtained by two investigators sampling from the same population in the same generation. The second result concerns the question of whether the degree of genetic variation in a population is best estimated by using the number of alleles observed in a sample of genes or by the number of polymorphic sites observed in the sample. For some combinations of the actual degree of variation and the sample size the former is preferred while for other combinations the latter is preferred. The reason for this is discussed.     

赖草PMC细胞融合现象的研究

本文报道了赖草（Ｌｅｙｍｕｓｓｃａｌｉｎｅ）花粉母细胞（ＰＭＣ）的细胞融合现象，结果表明，细胞融合主要发生在间期，终变期。间期发生细胞融合主要是细胞质转移，因此不会产生明显的遗传学效应。终变期细胞融合主要是染色体的迁移，其细胞遗传学效应主要是造成供体和受体细胞的染色体数目变化，从而产生了非整倍体配子。文章还对细胞融合产生的原因进行了讨论。     

垂直管内汽－液两相间传质及界面对冷凝过程的影响

本文根据冷凝的控制方程和相应的边界条件，得到了传质及界面对冷凝过程影响的解析解，并对影响冷凝过程的机制和主要因素，如表征蒸汽及界面速度的因子Ｂ、表征由传质引起动量传递的因子φ以及反映传质及界面综合作用的因子ω分别进行了讨论．结果表明，传质及界面对冷凝过程有明显的影响，本文解与努塞尔解有显著差别．     

标准成本、作业成本与企业内部转移价格的结合成因

本文以大中型企业的分权管理为背景,从保留优点和克服缺点的目的出发,系统分析了标准成本与作业成本、企业内部转移价格与标准成本以及企业内部转移价格与作业成本结合的必要性和可行性。     

城乡居民收入差距不合理因素分析及对策

城镇居民和农村居民的收入差距发生了本质变化城乡居民的显性收入差距不能确切反映实际收入差距;差距悬殊而且存在着非自然差距;超过了世界各国相同阶段所固有的水平;收入差距处在倒"U"型曲线的上升阶段.为缩小城乡居民收入差距,必须增加土地投资;保护和提高农民生产的积极性;进行农业产业结构调整;优化农村政策结构;发展教育,培养专业技术人才,加快贫困地区文化、技术和制度等资源开发;实现农业劳动力半转移.