论双语词典词目词“文化意象”的构建

基于帕尔默和国内外学者对意象理论的研究,并对文化意象的产生和体现分析后发现,语言符号和非语言因素都可引发文化意象：语言符号的各个层面在音形义三个维度可引发意象,而图画等非语言因素也可直接引起意象。双语词典词目词的文化意象构建不仅要依赖语言手段和非语言手段,更要提供引发文化意象的文化语境,在与用户认知视野和需要关联的前提下给使用者创设体验空间,但要构建与本族语人同样的文化意象,使用者必须在更大的真实文化情景中进行浸入式体验和感受。     

艾青“北方组诗”原型意象解构

原型批评自20世纪诞生以来,影响极为深远.它以一种新的视角解读文学作品,使作品重新焕发出一种生命力.用原型批评的方法,对"北方组诗"加以探讨,可以把握诗人的写作风格,整合诗人的文学经验,本质地认知其作品.     

透视描写:文学意境的形式基础

从纪昀和王国维对"意境"的使用来看,意境源于诗人的眼前实景.诗人用语言符号将眼前的"难状之景"再现出来,读者由此想象出具有景深效果的视觉景观.意境对应的语言表达方式是描写,景是其摹仿对象,"阔远"和"如画"是其美学特征.诗人运用的透视描写是文学意境生成的形式基础,相反,议论和叙述等语言表达方式达不到这种效果.意境可分为"视错觉"式、"门窗借景"式和"平面重叠"式三种类型.意境和"不隔"诗要显"等诗歌理论的核心均为"状难写之景如在目前".中原战乱催生了中国山水诗,南方"如画"的山水景观是意境生成的现实基础.中国现代学者对艺术品形式的轻视和对"形似"的恐惧导致了意境的泛化,虽然这能使读者远离偶像崇拜,但同时也使后者忽视了对文学作品的直观体验.现代读者没有必要在意义的问题上纠缠不休,体验到在语言中栖居的乐趣就是审美活动的理想境界.     

论中国古代山水诗审美意境的空间感

中国古代山水诗意境的研究对于理解我国古代诗歌意境的形成有非常重要的作用。山水诗是由意象的不同空间组合而产生意境的,所以意境在山水诗中表现为空间感。空间感是通过诗歌意象间的节奏、数量的组合以及动词的运用实现的。同时空间感根据不同的形成方式分为突破型和层次型。空间感产生于中国特有的宇宙意识和生命意识的结合。     

Emotional Reactions of Heterosexual Men to Gay Imagery

Studies of homonegativity in the general population typically use scales to examine the attitudes of a heterosexual sample toward gay men and lesbian women. However, these scales fail to address that accepting gay and lesbian people in theory is not tantamount to accepting the sexual practices engaged in by gay and lesbian people. As a result, relying on homonegativity scales and hypothetical scenarios (i.e., asking a participant to imagine a gay man or lesbian woman from personality characteristics provided) may not offer a complete view of the complexities of homonegativity. To explore this possibility, 83 men self-identifying as either largely or exclusively heterosexual rated one of three groups of images (romantic gay, erotic gay, and control) on the basis of five questions related to their emotional responses. A psychometrically sound homonegativity scale was also completed. Results indicated that homonegativity was a significant predictor of decreased happiness, anger, disgust, task enjoyment, and reported liking of the imagery. Furthermore, homonegativity was found to moderate the association between exposure to the romantic images and four of the five emotional responses (happiness, anger, disgust, and liking). Exposure to the set of erotic gay images, however, was associated with negative emotional responses, regardless of participants’ self-reported level of homonegativity (i.e., overt homonegativity possessed less moderational power for this type of imagery). These findings suggest that standard scales of homonegative attitudes may be unable to capture the affective negativity that heterosexual men experience when viewing gay male intimacy.     

沈从文小说中的雾意象

雾是沈从文小说中一个显著意象,具有多种表现形态,如晨起与夜暮的时间流转、水光与天色的辉映变幻、孤独与忧愁的情绪蕴含,以及对于隔阂、生死、家国未来的象征等等。雾气缭绕的湘西给了沈从文创作雾意象的自然环境,传统文化的熏陶也让他攫取到了雾意象之美,而雾意象也符合沈从文的创作偏好,是其写作过程中的主观选择。