社会主义市场经济中的剥削问题

股权多元化在我国开始出现,资本报酬不能再被看作是剥削行为,发达资本主义国家科层组织的出现,使劳动可以分享税后利润。我国现代企业和私营企业中的资本报酬也不能看作剥削,社会主义市场经济条件下存在两种剥削形式。     

师范生心理失调探源及对策

本文针对当前初等教育学院的师范生中存在的心理失调现象,结合自己的观点、实践和思考,着重分析了师范生心理失调的成因,并提出对策。     

中国发展家用轿车也应该“两条腿走路”——关于中国优先发展农村汽车化战略之思考

指出轿车走向大众化消费为中国经济和社会发展提供了又一次重要战略机遇。在分析我国农村发展家用轿车的可行性和必要性后,提出了在发展家用轿车上,我国同样可以借鉴"农村包围城市"的成功经验,并通过优先实施农村汽车化战略,达到缩小城乡差别,加速农业机械化和城市化进程,从而实现十六大提出的全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标的思想,并简要阐述了实施策略。     

Cystatin C的检测及临床应用

Cystatin C(Cys C)是近年来研究发现的一种特异性高、准确性好、较肌酐清除率更为敏感的评价肾小球滤过率的新指标．Cys C能自由通过肾小球滤过膜，在近曲小管几乎被完全重吸收，然后完全分解代谢，不再重新回到血液循环中去，同时肾小管也不分泌，所以在血液中的浓度较为恒定，成为反映肾小球滤过率的灵敏指标．常用颗粒增强透射免疫比浊法(PETIA)和颗粒增强散射免疫比浊法(PENIA)检测Cys C，操作简单、速度快，在儿科疾病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、肿瘤化疗及肾移植后评估肾小球滤过率等方面具有很高的临床价值．     

中日两国近代企业成长的比较研究

中日两国近代企业在各自发展过程中存在着社会历史条件、引进技术行为、资金来源、经营管理、与银行的关系及政府政策等诸多差异,从而导致了不同的命运。     

盛世才被迫离新原因探析

在新疆实行独裁统治十一年之久的军阀盛世才最后被迫离新，是由盛世才自身的残暴统治和中、美、苏三国政府对新疆局势的态度等种种内外因交织导致的结果。     

从《时世行》到《颂德诗》－－杜荀鹤人格嬗变的完成

本文探讨了唐末杜荀鹤人格嬗变的现象.一方面,他的儒家诗教观,使他写出反映民生疾苦、社会不公的作品,另一方面,其一贯具有的求功名意识,令其在朱全忠强大政权之下人格扭曲,完成了人格嬗变,且有可能是白马之祸的谋主之一.     

论文写作八戒

对论文写作中容易出现的缺乏新颖性和创造性 ,缺乏准确性和真实性等八个方面的毛病进行了分析和总结 ,指出在写作中造成论文弊端的原因及戒除的技巧。     

对我省市政工程计价依据改革的思考

本文论述计价依据改革的必要性和紧迫性,改革的最终目标、基本思路及实施步骤。     

Not the First Digit! Using Benford's Law to Detect Fraudulent Scientif ic Data

Digits in statistical data produced by natural or social processes are often distributed in a manner described by ‘Benford's law’. Recently, a test against this distribution was used to identify fraudulent accounting data. This test is based on the supposition that first, second, third, and other digits in real data follow the Benford distribution while the digits in fabricated data do not. Is it possible to apply Benford tests to detect fabricated or falsified scientific data as well as fraudulent financial data? We approached this question in two ways. First, we examined the use of the Benford distribution as a standard by checking the frequencies of the nine possible first and ten possible second digits in published statistical estimates. Second, we conducted experiments in which subjects were asked to fabricate statistical estimates (regression coefficients). The digits in these experimental data were scrutinized for possible deviations from the Benford distribution. There were two main findings. First, both digits of the published regression coefficients were approximately Benford distributed or at least followed a pattern of monotonic decline. Second, the experimental results yielded new insights into the strengths and weaknesses of Benford tests. Surprisingly, first digits of faked data also exhibited a pattern of monotonic decline, while second, third, and fourth digits were distributed less in accordance with Benford's law. At least in the case of regression coefficients, there were indications that checks for digit-preference anomalies should focus less on the first (i.e. leftmost) and more on later digits.