农村新政下的农民地权保护研究

保护农民地权,是切实维护农民利益的体现,已成为十七届三中全会农村新政的重要内容,更是＂以人为本＂理念的必然要求。这一目标的真正实现,有赖于农民地权的扩大。但扩大地权的良好愿望不能仅归于集体土地所有权归属的变革,还需立足于当前法制体系的整体构架,以强化并完善地权的基础权利效力为根本,进而逐步取得所有权的改造。     

既有建筑节能改造的经济激励政策分析

为了制定科学合理的既有建筑节能改造经济激励政策,本文运用财务评价理论和风险效用理论,通过公式推导得出财政补贴政策和税收优惠政策在理论上具有相同的经济激励作用,但应根据建筑节能市场发展阶段合理选择经济激励政策类型。本文提出了＂三个阶段＂经济激励政策模式,即：在建筑节能市场起步阶段,应制定以财政补贴政策为核心、税收优惠政策为补充的经济激励政策;在建筑节能市场发展阶段,应制定以财政补贴政策和税收优惠政策并重的经济激励政策;在建筑节能市场成熟阶段,应制定以税收优惠政策为核心、财政补贴政策为补充的经济激励政策。     

曹雪芹是北京作家《红楼梦》是京味小说——在北京大观园讲座记录稿

曹雪芹是北京人、北京作家。这个认识意义重大。北京的"帝都文化"是《红楼梦》一书的文化渊源。不了解18世纪中叶的"帝都文化"就无法真正读懂《红楼梦》。曹雪芹倘若没有回到北京这段生活经历,今日我们所读到的《红楼梦》,极可能就真的是一本《风月宝鉴》或是一本《情僧录》。在语言文字方面,曹雪芹熟练地运用了含有广大北方地区语言中方言土语的北京话,使《红楼梦》中的人物语言雅俗相融、生动鲜活、字字传神,从而使这部小说脍炙人口、雅俗共赏。所以说,《红楼梦》是一部京味十足的小说,而且是京味小说中的典范之作。红学中的一些问题争论不休,恐怕是与不熟悉或没有考虑帝都文化背景有关。"帝都文化"问题,应该予以高度重视。     

多元文化教育政策在台湾的建构与检讨

＂宪法＂肯定台湾是一个多元文化社会,青少年次文化既属于文化的一环,则理应在多元文化社会中获得应有的尊重。其实,青少年次文化对于青少年的人格开展非常重要。透过在次文化团体中的归属感,青少年获得其自我认同的重要能量,并形成个人的人格。台湾建构多元文化的教育政策,应把尊重火星文为代表的次文化作为落实多元文化的起始点,台湾对火星文次文化要坚持中立性原则和宽容原则,以引导的方式去面对火星文这个青少年次文化,真正尊重和宽容青少年的次文化,才能落实多元文化社会的宽容诫命,以实现多元文化的教育政策。     

欧盟的城乡关系政策及其启示

城乡关系是世界各国面临的共同问题,城乡关系的实践也遍及世界,欧盟就是较为成功的区域典范。通过空间规划和农村开发,不断缩小区域城乡差距,欧盟获得了较为平衡的发展。这对我国的新农村建设和城乡一体化工程带来了重要启示。     

Service Users with Experience of Poverty as Institutional Entrepreneurs in Public Services in Belgium: An Institutional Theory Perspective on Policy Implementation

In this article, we report on a qualitative and interpretative research project in which we gained in‐depth knowledge about dynamics in ten federal public policy units in Belgium where a service user with experience of poverty was employed. Starting from an institutional theory perspective, it was argued that these service users with experience of poverty can possibly feature as institutional entrepreneurs or agents of change who initiate a critical reflection in the mindset of fellow social administrators about taken‐for‐granted practices, routines and rationales. In order to fulfill this ambition, we equally stressed that service users with experience of poverty should be able to perform two other roles as well: to provide direct support to citizens, especially those living in poverty during their contacts with a public policy unit, and to formulate concrete propositions to change some of the policy units' internal procedures. Our research findings reveal that these two roles provide a necessary breeding ground for further interaction and (in)formal dialogue between service users with experience of poverty and fellow social administrators about the quality and accessibility of service delivery. However, installing this shared responsibility proves to be a valuable but also gradual process, and we argue that it is therefore undesirable when service users with experience of poverty act as so‐called ‘heroes’ in changing these taken‐for‐granted institutional practices, routines and rationales.     

School-level policies and the efficiency and equity trade-off in education

This paper identifies the relationship between pupils’ Family Background, their mathematics scores, and school-level policies, using the 2012 Programme of International Student Assessment for Italy and multilevel modelling. School-level policies have played a leading role in recent school reforms in many countries, but there is no straightforward empirical evidence for how they affect pupils’ outcomes and the equality of educational outcomes. Our findings show that that only some school policies intensify the Family Background Effect – (educational equity) and affect student outcomes (educational efficiency) simultaneously. We find that competitive schools are able to screen students by selecting higher socio-economic status parents, which mainly harms equity without having much effect on efficiency. There are some policies which allow some trade-off between aforementioned objectives, mainly policies related to management schools.     

Firm internationalization and performance: Evidence for designing policies

The debate on the relationship between internationalization and performance is still open and is a hot topic for policymakers, but they ignore the impacts for most of the firms supported. The paper is based on a large database of seven years that considers quantitative-qualitative and control variables. To reduce industry and country heterogeneity we focused on the Italian automotive supply chain. We tested 5 modes of internationalization on firms’ profitability so to support the design of policies. Our results are partially in contrast with literature; therefore we identify specific environments where policies, namely for exporting, could be more effective.     

中唐贤相杨绾墓志发微

为研究杨绾其人,采用文献分析法,分析《杨绾墓志》等墓志志文和考释相关文献,对杨绾的为官经历、品行与修养、葬地少陵原、唐代科举存废之争等进行研究。研究认为,《杨绾墓志》较为详细地记载了这位中唐贤相的家族世系、生平宦迹、婚姻、卒葬以及品行修养等方面的情况;杨绾、贾至等提出贡举之弊,主张置孝廉科、力田科等,引发时人在思想观念上趋向以致用之学取士,中唐制科出现向儒学化靠拢的变化;杨绾清廉俭朴、淡泊名利的思想境界和价值观,在朝臣中起到了榜样和导向的作用;墓志中有部分内容与新、旧《唐书》等相关史料记载一致,还有包括杨绾的出生时间为唐玄宗开元六年(718年)等许多内容能够补传统文献记载之缺, 杨绾兴廉察孝的主张也为解决这一时期中唐科举存废之争问题提供了线索,这些墓志志文多处可与文献互证,对于中唐史事的研究多有裨益。     

明代洪武永乐时期殿试制策之背景因素初探

殿试是科举考试的最高层次。明代的殿试始于洪武四年,初期多是由皇帝亲制策问,后来多由翰林院的翰林们拟题,然后送交皇帝裁定。明代洪武永乐两朝总共进行了16次科考,相应的就有16道殿试制策题目。这些制策的主题都是围绕着如何治理天下国家而问,历史学在这些制策中扮演着重要的角色,同时每一篇制策都要从时政的角度提出问题,鲜明地反映出时务策的特征。在殿试考试中能够脱颖而出,说明应试者确实具有很高的知识水平和运用知识的能力。