The renationalisation of migration policies in times of crisis: the case of Norway*

Securing collective action in the field of asylum regulation is high on the European political agenda. In this article, we look at one country's partial pullback from the regional cooperation during the high influx of asylum seekers in 2015. We use Norway as a case to analyse the challenges to common European asylum regulations and the drivers of a region-wide tendency of what we call renationalisation. Against this background, we seek to contribute to the discussion on the dynamics of Europeanisation and the future of the Common European Asylum System. While the Europeanisation of migration policies has been well covered in the literature, tendencies of renationalisation have been less so. To contribute to the knowledge base, we create a typology of the drivers of renationalisation. These drivers include necessary political and institutional preconditions, resource limitations, triggers, expectations and aspects of time.     

When the state takes over: civic integration programmes and the role of cities in immigrant integration

The idea that cities enjoy a certain degree of autonomy from the state when it comes to shaping immigrant integration policy has been repeatedly highlighted by research and promoted by good governance discourses. However, the emergence of state-led civic integration programmes (CIP) across Europe would seem to jar with this movement. This is the contradiction that this article explores. CIP mobilise significant resources and streamline immigrant integration through language courses, the provision of information about the host society and vocational orientation. Drawing on policy documents and interviews with local policy-makers on the CIP in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden, this article demonstrates how they reduce the role cities have in immigrant integration; and how they transform integration policies—to varying degrees—from being developed in relationship to locally emerging needs to being charged with state sovereignty. These findings challenge the idea that there is an increasingly local approach to integration. They also raise concerns about the ambitions of CIP. Although presented as a means to make integration policies more efficient, their focus on control and coercion may in fact jeopardise their capacity to respond to concrete integration needs.     

Gender differences and equality issues in Europe: critical aspects of gender mainstreaming policies

Gender mainstreaming is the major global strategy for the promotion of gender equality. Clear intergovernmental mandates for gender mainstreaming have been developed for all the major areas of work of the United Nations and the European Commission, including disarmament, poverty reduction, macro-economics, health, education and trade. The evaluation of equal opportunities mainly focuses on qualification measures for unemployed women and improvements in childcare facilities, and on consideration of gender mainstreaming in other policy areas as well as macro-economic effects on employment and unemployment of women. It is evident that the promotion of qualification measures and childcare facilities increases the activity rate of women, although there remain doubts about the quality and sustainability of many measures and the impact on families. In particular this article focuses on the relation between gender mainstreaming and equality issues to examine whether and how the debate on the topic is a real way to improve equality without missing gender differences and women's rights.     

A play for rurality – Modernization versus local autonomy

It is common to understand the governing of rural space as the outcome of a conflict between some romantic protectors of a lost past on the one hand, and the people who worry about creating economic values on the other. However, the power to shape the rural should not only be searched for in the open struggle between protectors and developers, but also should be analysed at the level of discourse, in the play between discourses about how to deal with the rural. In this paper I therefore present a modernist discourse and demonstrate how taken-for-granted truths about the rural – its history, its present and its future – are made possible by this discourse. Secondly, I will reveal how rurality takes on a different meaning in an alternative to the modernist discourse, emphasizing local and regional autonomy. In demonstrating that rurality is contingent upon a play between these two discourses, I want to provide some new insights into an important force behind the persistence of ideas about rurality in Norway.     

珠三角区域的创新路径选择与增长转型——理论、实践与政策评论

2008年的全球金融危机给了珠三角外向型经济以沉重打击,也为经济转型提供了契机。本文针对《珠江三角洲改革发展规划纲要（2008—2020年）》中提出的自主创新、产业升级和增长转型三个问题进行了理论阐述和实证分析,并对所实施的政策进行了评论,提出了通过创新的路径选择促进产业升级和增长方式转变的对策。     

论中国旅游行业管理制度的改革

中国旅游行业管理制度的改革既要借鉴外国先进经验,又要考虑现行制度的连续性。改革内容包括现有制度的保留与深化、取消与淡化、创新与拓展,以及执行主体从政府向协会的转移。     

建筑节能经济激励政策实施效果评价指标体系构建

从公共政策评估角度出发,结合我国建筑节能现状及节能经济激励政策的实施效果,从建筑能源利用效用最大化、激励政策协同机制、激励政策公平性、激励政策效率和激励政策可接受性5方面构建我国建筑节能经济激励政策评价指标体系,运用属性集和属性测度理论建立建筑节能经济激励政策多指标综合评价模型。     

试论明代藩府刻书

明代藩府藏书丰富,刻书数量众多,质量上乘,具有很高的版刻价值和学术价值,这为传统文化的传承和发展起到了举足轻重的作用.我们可从藩府刻书之背景、数量、质量、特点和价值五个方面了解其刻书的概况.     

印度少数民族政策及其对我国的启示

印度政府对少数民族和少数民族地区在政治、教育、就业、资源开发与保护、农村建设以及社会保障等方面采取了多种政策和相应的帮扶计划,取得了较好的成效。印度的做法对我国少数民族政策的制定和实施有一定的启示和借鉴意义。我国应当在政治上提升少数民族的参政议政权;制定并实施发展少数民族教育和促进少数民族就业的政策和帮扶措施;建立少数民族地区资源开发的利益保护与补偿机制,加快少数民族地区农村发展并努力完善少数民族地区的社会保障体系。     

金融危机背景下我国对外贸易政策的现实选择

一国对外贸易政策的选择必须考虑到一国的实际经济发展状况。自加入世贸组织以来,我国必须遵守国际规则,但是也要充分利用WTO规则给予发展中国家保护的优惠条款。因此,中国的对外贸易政策既要坚持贸易自由化,又要进行适度的贸易保护,以应对当前的全球金融危机。