Vacant Industrial Buildings in Portugal: A Case Study from Four Municipalities

Vacant and abandoned industrial buildings are a symptom of urban decline linked to various problems. To adopt effective regenerating policies, a full understanding of vacancy is required. This paper presents a study where the extent and condition of the vacant industrial buildings located in four Portuguese municipalities were assessed. Results showed that 613 buildings located in urban areas and in industrial parks, occupying an area of 1.4 million square meters, were vacant. The research is helpful for adopting regenerative policies and for understanding general questions of the characteristics of industrial vacancy and policies that are used to address this problem.     

基于低碳视角的政府监管与制造商生产的演化博弈研究

政府制定的监管政策对制造商生产策略的选择具有重要影响。本文基于低碳视角，引入政府碳税系数、补贴系数、低碳产品生产成本等参数，针对税收与补贴混合政策、单一税收政策和单一补贴政策三种模式，分别建立了政府与制造商之间决策行为的演化博弈模型，对比分析了不同监管政策下政府和制造商达到均衡所需条件的差异，并进一步探讨了影响政府、制造商决策的关键因素。研究结果表明，当初始生产低碳产品的制造商比例相同时，政府实施混合政策比单一税收政策或补贴政策对制造商生产低碳产品的激励作用更加明显。政府监管与政府低碳税收、高碳产品罚款和监管成本有关，制造商生产低碳产品受到产品成本、收益的影响。研究结论不仅为政府制定低碳产品政策提供了科学依据，也为制造商选择低碳产品策略给予了决策支撑。     

试论夏族精神符号的内涵与起源——以传世文献与考古发现相结合的解读

传世文献中,夏族祖先被神话化,并被赋予上"终极"、"恒定"的内涵意义,传达出夏人超越有形、认识本源的精神诉求;这与夏文化遗址的观念性建筑——宫殿建筑中的"向心"结构,在阐释模式上是一致的。传世文献与考古发现的吻合性均表明夏人已孕育出"一元——中心"的思想模式,这一模式来源与本时期为夏人所接受的"盖天"宇宙学说相关。     

论政策支持对优质教育资源发展的保障作用

教育的准公共产品性质决定了教育政策之于教育资源优质化发展的保障性作用，因为政策不仅具有引导和支持作用，而且还具有强制性的督促作用。政策的这种保障性作用既充分地体现在我国“重点校”形成与发展的历史脉络中，也充分地体现在现今各类教育资源的优质化发展以及各地对教育资源优质化发展模式的选择中。     

唐五代科举制度对童蒙教育的影响

唐代的官学教育体系主要是为科举考试培养和输送生员，童蒙教育则处于缺失状态，为私学的发展提供了空间。唐代私学补充了儿童教育的不足。童子科的设置为童子入仕开辟了捷径。助涨了士大夫对童蒙教育的重视，促进了唐代童蒙教育的发展，但同时也产生了不少负面影响。唐前期，在官学教育的考核标准基本上跟科举考试相一致的情况下，童蒙教育势必要顺应科举考试的要求，为科举服务；随着中晚唐五代科举考试标准的不断调整，童蒙教育也随之发生了变化。唐代科举制度的发展，极大地刺激了童蒙教育的发展，蒙书的编纂也呈现出前所未有的态势，体现了新的特点。     

Aging in Which Place? Connecting Aging in Place with Individual Responsibility,Housing Markets,and the Welfare State

This article proposes an analytical framework for the understanding of aging in place, and asks: Which housing alternatives are compatible with aging in place? Who are responsible for providing housing in old age? A literature review demonstrates that there is no agreement on the “place” in aging in place, but that aging in place policies entail joint individual and public responsibility for housing. An empirical example demonstrates different policy expressions of aging in place at national and local government levels in Norway. The article questions whether a need to move to receive care is compatible with aging in place.     

The perceived importance of family‐friendly policies to childbirth decision among Hong Kong women

Wong C‐K, Tang K‐L, Ye S. The perceived importance of family‐friendly policies to childbirth decision among Hong Kong women Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 381–392 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Declining fertility is a problem in many advanced industrialised countries, calling for government action. While positive findings have been established between family policies and fertility levels in European countries, empirical studies on family‐friendly policies and their impact on fertility levels have been few and far between in East Asia. Based on a random telephone survey of 645 young women, this study examined the perceived importance of family‐friendly policies to childbirth among Hong Kong women of childbearing age. Also investigated was whether public policies could have an impact on the decision to have a child. The findings give support to both the risk‐society theory and the rationality theory; family‐friendly policies such as tax credits, extended childcare and flexitime enhance the risk management capacity of women and reduce the cost of child rearing. The study also found that demographic factors such as age, education, and having children or not are significant to the intent to bear children.     

就明代进士祖上的生员身份与何炳棣再商榷——以天一阁藏《明代进士登科录》为中心

本文通过对天一阁藏《明代进士登科录》的爬梳,确认明代进士祖上三代生员出身少的现象乃史籍缺载所致。事实上,明代生员概率接近常态;何炳棣采集的史料若特指生员而言,其来源本身就有局限性,由此统计的数据不宜当作明代进士社会流动率高的一个依据。天一阁藏《明代进士登科录》在讨论明代B类进士时,具有不可替代的作用。明代进士祖上三代生员身份的有限记载,主要来自民间的《进士同年录》而非官方的《进士登科录》。生员身份是否有资格作为进士家状的基本内容之一,必载于或应载于《明代进士登科录》?若是,又始于何年?作者求教于方家。     

中印能源政策比较研究

中印能源政策重点各有侧重,即印度仍然以保障能源供应为第一要义,而中国日益需要考虑环境资源的约束,近年来政策重心明显转向节能和提高能效。能源市场化改革是两国面临的共同课题,但是中国注重市场与行政手段的综合运用,而印度更致力于建立理想的自下而上的市场调控模式。就能源决策管理体制而言,中印两国努力建设高级别的集中能源管理体制,但是印度的步伐相对较慢、难度也更大。中印两国可以在缓和能源资源竞争、开发能源技术、交流市场管理和制度建设经验以及推进多边能源机制建设等方面进行合作。     

王修玉《历朝赋楷》与清初文教政策

王修玉《历朝赋楷》受明代赋学思潮的影响而祖骚宗汉,但在新的背景下也表现出了对唐代和本朝律赋尤其是应试应制律赋的重视和推崇。王修玉的赋选,一定程度上体现了清初统治者重赋的文教政策对文学发展和社会稳定所起到的重要作用。