Supervision of students in social care education: practice teachers’ views of their role

This paper presents findings from research about how practice teachers in social care education in Ireland view their role, in particular what elements they prioritise and what they see as relatively unimportant. The aim of the research was exploratory, seeking to discover commonalities and differences in how practice teachers saw their role in the supervision of social care students. Q methodology was used to compare the participants’ viewpoints. Twenty practice teachers, from varying practice backgrounds and levels of experience, sorted statements outlining aspects of the practice teacher’s role, during individual interviews. Analysis indicates participants had two ways of conceptualising the role. One focuses within the agency, prioritising students’ awareness of the clients using the social care service and policies as guiding practice. The second encapsulates a broader view of learning beyond the agency, focusing on the practice teacher assisting the student to integrate theory with practice and using reflection as a learning tool. Conclusions are drawn in relation to social care education.     

我国盐业产业组织政策研究

产业组织政策的基本目标就是要促进产业实现有效竞争,我国盐业产业组织政策并没达到有效竞争的目标,长期处于"二元"产业组织结构。一方面"大工业盐"市场集中度较低,竞争过度,另一方面"食小盐"市场部门垄断严重,竞争缺失,导致产业组织效率低下。因此,当务之急,不仅要实行管制与竞争相兼容的盐业特许投标政策,还要出台规模经济与竞争活力相兼容的系列有效竞争政策——企业并购政策、经济规模政策和竞争活力政策,以促成金字塔形的产业组织体系,彰显各层次企业的规模经济,实现有效竞争,提高产业经济效率,进而提升我国盐业产业的国际竞争力。     

The Brazilian organic food sector: Prospects and constraints of facilitating the inclusion of smallholders

The Brazilian organic food sector has experienced important growth during the last two decades. Brazilian smallholders, however, are facing huge challenges to enter and benefit from this growth in a sustainable way. Combining the lens of New Institutional Economics and socio-anthropology, we analyze six experiences of Brazilian smallholders who converted to organics in the 1990s’. Three different food systems are featured in this analysis: an alternative food system, which is strongly interwoven with the Brazilian Agro-ecological movement and two commercial food procurement systems oriented towards domestic and an export markets driven mainly by supermarket chains. The analytical focus was on 1) the governance of these food systems, 2) the constraints farmers are facing within these food systems and, 3) the benefits that they can expect from market inclusion. We highlighted the roles that NGOs, Faith-based organizations and public-related agencies play in supporting the inclusion of smallholders into all three food systems. We confirmed the arguments in support of pursuing the agro-ecological development based model in Brazil, but underlined that there is a critical lack of support for farmers included in the commercial market-oriented food systems. Such a lack is even more critical as the food systems driven by expanding supermarket chains are characterized by strong asymmetric power relations at the expense of smallholders. Considering the reluctance of NGOs and Faith-based organizations to support these farmers, we call for efforts to be made to provide a policy framework to enable public-related entities to secure sustainable inclusion into these systems and exit strategies for those experiencing exclusion from these highly competitive food systems.     

Multiculturalism and welfare state integration: Swedish model path dependency

The present article offers an account of Swedish integration policies in the post-war period. The theoretical purpose is to assess Christian Joppke’s hypothesis that recent trends of integration policy convergence have rendered the national model approach analytically useless. The analysis shows that Sweden deviates, in some important respects, from the European trend by not formulating demands that link integration achievements to immigrants’ access to fundamental rights. The conclusion is that the Swedish case does not support Joppke’s hypothesis, but rather indicates that path dependency of national models is a valid explanation to ongoing developments. It is argued that the Swedish exception should be understood as an expression of the persistent impact of a policy logic according to which integration requires that all citizens have equal and universal access to certain fundamental rights. The article builds on general comparisons with European policy developments and uses Denmark as a more specific reference point.     

The Subjectivity of Fairness: Managerial Discretion and Work–Life Balance

We use organizational justice theory to examine how perceptions of fairness affect the decision‐making process of line managers. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 35 Irish managers to explore how managers make organizational allocation decisions in cases where it is impractical to offer work–life balance accommodations to all employees. The findings suggest that firstly, managers construct the ‘life’ aspect of work–life balance within a heteronormative framework, where the emphasis is on caregiving and most usually parenting. Secondly, managers actively use their decision‐making powers around both formal and informal work–life balance supports to minimize injustice within their departments. By bringing together ideas about organizational justice and managerial decision‐making, we indicate how managers determine fairness through a decision‐making process narrowed by embedded gender role beliefs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

《烟草路》中的帝国优生学

《烟草路》成书于优生学运动在美国发展的高潮时期,以优生学的视角观察美国南方贫穷白人佃农的生活,将“白垃圾”的畸形、弱智和堕落等问题都归因于其劣等的遗传因素,其中的医学话语不仅掩饰了南方贫困佃农遭受的经济剥削和他者化的不平等待遇,还粉饰了帝国统治中的地域差异、文化压迫和强制绝育等问题。小说使优生学成为帝国话语的一部分,巩固了帝国的意识形态及统治。     

试论唐宋及以前时期封建统治阶级的治黎政策

本文论述唐宋及以前时期封建统治阶级的治黎政策。     

“兰台”职官典故考述

兰台作为两汉重要的宫廷藏书处,既是御史中丞治事机构,又是广延学者名儒点校"秘书"和著史之所,后世秘书省、史馆等文馆职能均发端于兰台。"兰台"出典很多,一度指代御史台、史官和秘书省,笔者钩沉相关史料,试图理清兰台出典之源,呈现兰台在历史长河中之真实完整的面貌。     

Access to Land,Rural Development and Public Action: The When and the How

After being marginalised in the 1980s, land‐reform policies came back to national and international development agendas during the 1990s, resulting in a revival of academic research on the subject. This article reviews the empirical literature on access to land, rural development and public action for evidence on when and how the state should intervene in the allocation of rural land. The review suggests that positive impacts are obtained if, and only if, public actions on the allocation of land are carried out under certain conditions and in a certain way. The article ends by highlighting the need to elaborate empirical models that take into consideration opportunity costs and interactions, and that integrate individual responses with aggregate effects.     

中国性别传播研究论纲

新中国建设60年，妇女在政策、法律、社会组织和经济发展等方面的地位都有很大提高，但在就业、教育、医疗等方面也有诸多不足。相对于西方媒介的“象征性歼灭”，中国的性别传播研究更应当关注“实质性歼灭”也即堕产女婴这一类实质而严重的社会问题。中国古代的性别哲学理念．是我们从事性别传播研究的一个尚未得到充分开掘的巨大宝藏。它所蕴含的阴阳同体、共生。并相互转化的辩证思想，可以帮助我们更多元地面对现代性的复杂世界。从而逐步创设和建构起我们自身体系性的中国性别传播研究。