略论《钦定西藏章程》及其历史意义

清乾隆五十八(1793)年,清军击败了入侵后藏地区的廓尔喀军以后,统军主帅福康安根据乾隆授意会同达赖、班禅等制定了<钦定西藏章程>.该章程的实施对清代西藏社会的稳定和发展起过重要的作用.本文试通过分析该章程的制定过程和主要内容,对其历史意义略作论述.     

The media construction of remittances and transnational social ties: migrant–non-migrant relationships in the Romanian press

The study explores through a ‘transnational lens’ the Romanian media construction of remitting practices and identities within a wider debate on circular migration. It uses a broad definition of remittances (financial, sociocultural and political) and is concerned with the role of the Romanian press in articulating migrant–non-migrant relationships and laying the ground for informed policy debates. The methodology consists of qualitative corpus analysis and discourse analysis applied to a corpus of 221 news articles. The main findings indicate an overall positive evaluation of remittances (with the main exception of family separation), which endows migrants with social recognition as development agents and is used to justify various policy initiatives, but at the same time disempowers them through instrumentalisation. Even though limited in scope, grassroots migrant–non-migrant interaction, combined with a critical journalistic stance in editorials, opens up an avenue towards negotiation and joint transnational actions.     

Social enterprise as a bottom-up dynamic: part 1. The reaction of civil society to unmet social needs in Italy,Sweden and Japan

Over the past decades, social enterprises have been acknowledged as key welfare actors in several EU countries. In spite of the dramatic research devoted to exploring them, several issues concerning the definition, drivers and roles played by policies in sustaining social enterprise growth are still highly contested. Drawing on the papers published in this Monographic section, the introduction to this issue reconstructs the debate that has accompanied the emergence and development of social enterprises with a view to providing evidence of the advantages of collective participation for social enterprise emergence and growth. Next, the introduction pays attention to the factors that have led to the emergence and success of social enterprises as a form of self-organization of civil society; and briefly describes the papers included in this issue.     

中国建设知识经济系统工程的基本措施

知识经济是在当今各国经济发展中处于主导地位的新的经济形态,正确认识和把握知识经济对中国的经济发展具有重要的意义。文章从体制、技术、产业、载体、教育、政策法规等几方面对我国如何发展知识经济进行了系统的全面的战略设计,并提出了一些可操作性措施。     

A contested terrain: immigrants and their descendants in Viennese culture

Culture in Vienna has become more diverse with successive waves of immigration since the 1960s, but Austrian cultural policies have been slow in picking up this trend. While the federal state has been focusing on maintaining traditional cultural institutions in Vienna such as the Staatsoper, the Burgtheater and the Kunsthistorisches Museum, the city of Vienna has pushed integration and later diversity in cultural policies since the 1990s, albeit more in discourse than in actual funding. Artists of immigrant origin harshly criticise this dire situation: they claim the place which they have not yet been granted, not only in cultural policies, but also in society.     

八股冲击下的明诗位移

明代科举以八股取士,在既重且难的八股压力下,明代士人不得不将毕生精神气力全部耗于其中。当巨大压力下的明代士人将全副身心投诸科场程文时,诗歌也随之变成了"八股之余",而"唐以诗赋取士"则成为明代最为频繁的诗学关注话题。     

略论唐代宗室制度及其影响

唐代宗室可由爵位出官,亦可由血缘关系出官。以爵位出官,《旧唐书》、《新唐书》的记载清晰准确,《唐六典》与《唐会要》的记述则比较模糊。以爵出官的品阶也与实际情况有所差距。若以血缘关系出官,宗室的五等血缘品阶与其出官品阶并不一一对应。唐代的宗室政策,在高祖时延续隋制,从太宗开始,保持近房宗室的政治地位,压制远房宗室。玄宗以后,近房宗室基本不出阁,远房宗室则与异姓之臣杂而仕宦。在对政局的影响上,唐代宗室整体素质较低,影响是消极的。     

Angered: Black and non-Black girls of color at the intersections of violence and school discipline in the United States

While most research examining school discipline policies have focused on the experiences of boys of color, this article explores the relationship between violence and school discipline as they shape the lives of girls of color and their disciplinary records. Using in-depth interviews, this article re-narrates the experiences of Black and non-Black girls of color who have discipline records to explore their experiences. The author found that in addition to being subject to multiple, intersecting forms of violence outside of school, girls of color – particularly Black girls – are also subject to schools as sites of control that elicit their anger and resistance. This author contends that faculty should establish new ways of understanding Black and non-Black girls of color by accounting for the ways that intersectional violence shapes the girls’ lives and supports their ‘anger’, agency and resistance to violence.     

Democratic centre,autocratic isolates: the changing field of international visa policies

In the international field of visa policies, states observe how other states act in terms of global mobility control or the facilitation of wanted cross-border mobility. But towards whom do they orient themselves? And what drives nation states to cooperate with others and grant their citizens visa-free travel or not? To tackle these questions, we conceptualise visa waiver agreements as positive relations between two states. A new data collection ‘Visa Network Data’ (1969/2010) provides information on all visa waiver agreements worldwide. By means of social network analysis (blockmodelling), we analyse the global structure of the network of nations in this policy field as well as its change over time. In the centre of the network we find evidence for the existence of a global model at which many others orient themselves. However, a second distinct position in the network shows a high degree of stability: Autocratic states that do not want to be involved in the exchange of these bilateral relations.     

当前我国劳动关系及其相关社会政策分析

当前我国市场化、契约化劳动关系已基本建立;劳动关系复杂、主体地位不平等;劳动者基本权益受损问题突出。而与劳动关系相关的社会政策在政策理念、政策形成与执行机制以及政策内容上存在诸多不足和缺陷。通过社会政策改善劳动关系,应当树立经济社会协调发展的理念,坚持公平公正的价值追求,培育政策主体,改善政策决策机制,实施和完善积极就业政策、社会保障政策以及建立社会支持服务网络的政策。