对广东省流动人口婚育问题的初探

:广东是我国流动人口最多的省份,流动人口的婚育问题也成为研究的热点之一。本文首先对流动人口作了界定,并分析了广东流动人口的特征及其对婚育行为产生的正面和负面影响,这使计划生育管理面临巨大的压力。文章最后提出一些措施以图化解流动人口的婚育问题带给城市的压力     

知识经济与人口发展

知识经济将是经济发展的主流 ,它要求社会对科技有巨大的投入 ,而这种投入对经济和社会有更大的回馈 ;知识产业将成为经济结构中的主导产业 ;知识经济以知识价值为核心 ;在知识经济时代世界经济将形成全球化的新格局 ,并对传统产业进行技术改造。知识经济时代对人口数量的制约因素将主要是环境的和空间的适度 ;对提高人口素质的要求更为迫切 ;人口的经济结构将发生重要变化 ,知识工人将成为社会的主导力量 ;人口分布与迁移也将出现集中化分散化的新特点。知识经济对人口学研究提出了更高要求 ,人口学研究手段要实现现代化和信息化 ;人口学要开放化     

劳务输出与脱贫致富

长期以来 ,有关方面均把贫困地区脱贫致富寄望于劳务输出。短期看来 ,劳务输出确能在一定程度上缓解贫困压力 ,但长期而言 ,劳务输出并不能从根本上解决贫困地区的脱贫致富问题。这是由劳力输出的限度、制约条件、实际效果及贫困的根本原因决定的。贫困地区脱贫的根本出路在于 :立足并开发贫困地区 ,走政府推进型脱贫致富之路。为此 ,当务之急须认真解决好三个问题 :( 1 )制定并实施开发贫困地区的战略 ;( 2 )国家加大对贫困地区的投入 ;( 3)地方政府真抓实干领导脱贫     

吉林省城乡居民消费变化的特点及差异研究

随着城乡居民收入的提高 ,吉林省居民的消费水平有了显著变化 ,按可比价格计算的居民消费水平指数总体上呈上升趋势。进入 90年代以来 ,居民的消费构成也相应发生了很大的转变 ,但城乡之间仍然存在较大的差异。实践表明 ,在经济发展水平相对较高的条件下 ,居民消费的心理、水平、构成及其变化 ,对经济增长的影响力度势必呈现出越来越大的趋势     

Estimating chance reproducibility in Guttman Scaling

A definition of reproducibility in Guttman Scaling and two chance measures of reproducibility are suggested. The first measure assumes that the items are independent. The second method assumes nonindependent items and fits respondent and item margins by an iterative method used in fitting log-linear models. Chance reproducibility is conceptualized in terms of assumptions about respondent variability.     

Speciation, its ecological and biogeographical consequences

I studied the effect of treehole (microhabitat) size distribution in local habitats on geographic difference in aquatic metazoan community structure by comparing differences between two sites on Iriomote Island, and between Iriomote Island (subtropical) and Tsushima Island (temperate), in southwestern Japan. In treeholes at each local site, the amount of litter, the species richness and total biomass of metazoa were positively correlated with treehole capacity. Between the two sites on Iriomote Island (Shirahama and Komi), the amount of litter, biomass and species number per treehole was greater at Komi where the mean and variance of treehole size were greater, while the dependencies of these parameters on treehole capacity were common to both sites. Total species number was larger at Komi (2 predators and 20 saprophages) than at Shirahama (1 predator and 19 saprophages). Most of the dominant taxa colonized larger treeholes with higher probabilities, although one taxa showed the opposite trend. Treeholes on Tsushima were smaller than those on Iriomote. The metazoan fauna in treeholes consisted of 15 saprophages on Tsushima, being less richer than that on Iriomote Island which had 2 predators and 21 saprophages. However, the dependencies of litter amount and biomass on treehole capacity did not differ significantly between the islands, although treeholes on Iriomote harbored a greater number of species per treehole than those on Tsushima. This study indicated that there are general correlates between community structure within individual treeholes (infracommunity structure) and treehole capacity (microhabitat size). Therefore, microhabitat-size distribution is potentially a significant constraint of local community structure, and its variation may contribute to the variation in local and regional species richness.     

Seasonal forcing on the dynamics ofClethrionomys rufocanus: Modeling geographic gradients in population dynamics

We interpret gradients in population dynamics of the gray-sided vole from the southwestern part of the island of Hokkaido to its northeastern part within the framework of a phenomenological model involving the relative length of summer and winter. In Hokkaido, as in other northern regions, both spring and fall is considered as short transition periods between the two main seasons — summer (the primary breeding season) and winter (the non-reproductive or secondary breeding season). We show that the geographic transition in dynamics may be understood as the combined consequence of different patterns of density-dependence during summer and winter, and geographically varying season lengths. Differences are shown to exist between summer and winter with respect to strength of density-dependence. Direct density-dependence, in particular, is stronger during winter than during summer. A model is presented to show how relative lengths of seasons can induce both stable and periodically fluctuating population dynamics. The results are compared and contrasted with what is otherwise known about the gradient in rodent dynamics in Fennoscandia.     

扬州市邗江区乡镇预防保健体制改革两种模式的比较研究

扬州市邗江区1999年对全区21所乡镇卫生院进行了产权制度改革。改制前3年,实行“医防合一”体制,从2002年起实行“医防分设”体制。文章采用定性调查和定量调查相结合的方法,比较改革前后农村卫生体系和农村预防保键资源、组织机构、服务效率、监督执法力度、农民满意度等方面的变化。研究表明,“医防分设”是必由之路,为进一步改革和完善预防保健体系提供了依据。     

对当前工业设计教学模式的思考

近年来,有些院校在工业设计专业的新教学计划中提出了“课程环”的构想。这样的教学模式试图把先前自成一体的课程有机地融解在数个相对的小系统中,进而形成以课题设计为中心的大系统。而过去的“三段式”教学模式则是以各门独立课程为中心的。在“三段式”教育下,有的学生几乎每门功课都优秀却做不出好设计来,更有甚者不懂设计程序而无法完成完整的设计。这种教学模式存在诸多弊端。     

逻辑的观念与理论——中国逻辑史研究的两个重要因素

“中国历史上是否存在逻辑学”是国内逻辑学界长期争论的问题。其中,“没有逻辑”说还分为绝对论者和相对论者:绝对论者认为中国古代没有任何形式的逻辑;相对论者认为中国古代虽然没有西方意义上的逻辑,但只有非形式逻辑。之所以学者们在此问题上争论不休,是由于双方对什么是逻辑有不同的理解。在进行中西逻辑学比较之前,首先要确定一种统一的逻辑观念,因为逻辑观念是逻辑理论得以形成的基础。