数字技术对文化产业内容生产的挑战及其应对策略

数字技术当前深度参与文化产业的内容生产,对创作群体、生产活动、传播形式和消费语境等多方面皆产生重大影响,形成了全新的数字文化产业生态。然而,有些数字文化产品过于强调技术而忽视文化的特殊性,导致出现内容生产粗糙随意、价值判断标准矮化、意识形态风险增加等问题,不能稳定地输出品位高、社会效益佳的文化产品,未来发展面临挑战。对此,数字文化产业的内容生产需要打破“注意力经济”的单一模式、改良人工智能算法的激励与推荐机制、探索文化生产评价标准的自我更新,从而推动新时代数字文化产业的高质量发展。     

Basic aspects of evolution strategies

Evolution strategies (ESs) are a special class of probabilistic, direct, global optimization methods. They are similar to genetic algorithms but work in continuous spaces and have the additional capability of self-adapting their major strategy parameters. This paper presents the most important features of ESs, namely their self-adaptation, as well as their robustness and potential for parallelization which they share with other evolutionary algorithms.Besides the early (1 + 1)-ES and its underlying theoretical results, the modern ( + )-ES and (, )-ES are presented with special emphasis on the self-adaptation of strategy parameters, a mechanism which enables the algorithm to evolve not only the object variables but also the characteristics of the probability distributions of normally distributed mutations. The self-adaptation property of the algorithm is also illustrated by an experimental example.The robustness of ESs is demonstrated for noisy fitness evaluations and by its application to discrete optimization problems, namely the travelling salesman problem (TSP).Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing existing work and general possibilities regarding the parallelization of evolution strategies and evolutionary algorithms in general.     

What's wrong with sociology? Its public image

In response to editor Stephen Cole's question—"What's wrong with sociology?"—the answer is nothing that cannot be overcome by clearer communications and better public relations. The problem is that the field is not held in high esteem by college administrators, legislators, and the public. Many see us as rebels of the 1960s, political liberals, and impractical thinkers with a penchant for jargon. Even our research is derided by some as a waste of money. The solution consists of strategies for overcoming our poor public image. Seven strategies for doing so are discussed: (1) Write clearly. (2) Write for a mass audience. (3) Seek board positions. (4) Strengthen our identity. (5) Teach sociology in high school. (6) Develop academic partnerships. (7) Emphasize outcomes: increase in tolerance and research skills.     

重庆市“伞型”经济发展战略研究

分析“伞型”经济发展战略的内涵及实施之必要性,提出重庆直辖市实施战略的八大策略,并强调金融对区域主导产业成长的重要作用。     

多分销中心供应链模型及其牛鞭效应的H∞控制

本文在文^[1]具有一个分销中心供应链模型的基础上,建立了具有多个分销中心的供应链结构模型,采用供应链上游库存与订货偏差波动之和与下游顾客需求偏差波动之比描述牛鞭效应。提出顾客末端需求波动最差条件下H_∞控制方法,以抑制牛鞭效应。这一方法本质就是供应链末端需求波动最差情况下,制定供应链管理的最优决策。并且以一个石油分销系统为对象进行了供应链牛鞭效应的H_∞控制仿真实验。     

绘本游戏阅读活动开展的意义及其指导策略

游戏式阅读活动旨在充分发挥绘本中的游戏精神和教育价值,让幼儿在获得充分的游戏体验的同时,促进其各种能力的发展。教师在游戏式阅读活动中指导的关键在于能否正确看待绘本中的游戏精神与教育价值,满足幼儿“阅读游戏”的体验,把握“游戏式阅读”的指导要点,避免陷入重知识传授、轻游戏体验的教学误区。     

From victims to winners: strategies of negotiation among relocated residents in demolition-compensation events in local China

It has been well documented by researchers that in China’s continual quest for modernisation and urbanisation, many urban and rural residents became displaced and portrayed as victims. A more important question however needs to be explored: do evicted residents learn from others to develop strategies to protect themselves from becoming victims? Through in-depth interviews, primary data collection, documentary research, this study has confirmed that for some evicted residents in Southern China’s urban fringes, when their land was appropriated by local government and developers and they were offered resettlement elsewhere, they did not behave passively to accept the terms of compensation dictated. Instead, they actively learnt from other dwellers who were evicted earlier to become well-organised, resourceful, and sophisticated negotiators in bargaining for their compensation. The group of rural residents proved that they could do better than the evicted urban residents, especially in terms of compensation-negotiation.     

汉语古诗词中缺省现象的认知解读和翻译策略

汉语古诗词往往通过设置空白激发丰富的言外之意。从认知的角度看,这些空白是诗人考虑到与读者共享一些知识而留在文中的缺省信息,也是读者在阅读过程中所激活的认知结构的空位,他们必须调用认知结构的默认信息(包括框架的默认值、脚本的隐含序列、隐含的隐喻源域或目标域、隐含的转喻次域或主域)填补空白才能获取其中的言外之意。在翻译过程中,译者须考虑到译入语读者的认知知识和文化传播的目的,采取明示或保留缺省信息的翻译方法,也就是认知默认值的显译或隐译策略。     

Does Iconicity in Pictographs Matter? The Influence of Iconicity and Numeracy on Information Processing,Decision Making,and Liking in an Eye‐Tracking Study

Researchers recommend the use of pictographs in medical risk communication to improve people's risk comprehension and decision making. However, it is not yet clear whether the iconicity used in pictographs to convey risk information influences individuals’ information processing and comprehension. In an eye‐tracking experiment with participants from the general population (N = 188), we examined whether specific types of pictograph icons influence the processing strategy viewers use to extract numerical information. In addition, we examined the effect of iconicity and numeracy on probability estimation, recall, and icon liking. This experiment used a 2 (iconicity: blocks vs. restroom icons) × 2 (scenario: medical vs. nonmedical) between‐subject design. Numeracy had a significant effect on information processing strategy, but we found no effect of iconicity or scenario. Results indicated that both icon types enabled high and low numerates to use their default way of processing and extracting the gist of the message from the pictorial risk communication format: high numerates counted icons, whereas low numerates used large‐area processing. There was no effect of iconicity in the probability estimation. However, people who saw restroom icons had a higher probability of correctly recalling the exact risk level. Iconicity had no effect on icon liking. Although the effects are small, our findings suggest that person‐like restroom icons in pictographs seem to have some advantages for risk communication. Specifically, in nonpersonalized prevention brochures, person‐like restroom icons may maintain reader motivation for processing the risk information.     

Data envelopment analysis in the presence of measurement error: case study from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI®)

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is the most commonly used approach for evaluating healthcare efficiency [B. Hollingsworth, The measurement of efficiency and productivity of health care delivery. Health Economics 17(10) (2008), pp. 1107–1128], but a long-standing concern is that DEA assumes that data are measured without error. This is quite unlikely, and DEA and other efficiency analysis techniques may yield biased efficiency estimates if it is not realized [B.J. Gajewski, R. Lee, M. Bott, U. Piamjariyakul, and R.L. Taunton, On estimating the distribution of data envelopment analysis efficiency scores: an application to nursing homes’ care planning process. Journal of Applied Statistics 36(9) (2009), pp. 933–944; J. Ruggiero, Data envelopment analysis with stochastic data. Journal of the Operational Research Society 55 (2004), pp. 1008–1012]. We propose to address measurement error systematically using a Bayesian method (Bayesian DEA). We will apply Bayesian DEA to data from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators^® to estimate nursing units’ efficiency. Several external reliability studies inform the posterior distribution of the measurement error on the DEA variables. We will discuss the case of generalizing the approach to situations where an external reliability study is not feasible.